Kuzindikira, Kuchiza, ndi Kukhazikitsa Mavuto
Zimakhala zachilendo kuti anthu azipezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhale zingakhale zoopsa kumva kuti muli ndi gawo 2 (mmalo mwa sitepe 1 kapena DCIS), siteji yachiwiri imayesedwa ngati khansa ya m'mawere ndipo anthu ambiri amachita bwino ndi chithandizo, amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ngakhale kuti sitejiyi nthawi zina imakhala ndi khansara m'mayendedwe am'derali oyandikana nawo, sichikuwoneka ngati mchere.
Tiyeni tiwone zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kusankhana, kuchiza, komanso kukhalabe ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
Mwachidule
Khansara ya m'mimba imasiyanitsidwa mu magawo anai (kapena asanu). Gawo 0 khansa ya m'mawere kapena ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) sikuti imatengedwa ngati khansa ya m'mawere yosawoneka ngati ikusafalikira kupyolera mu chinachake chomwe chimadziwika ngati kamulu kakang'ono.
Gawo 1 mpaka 4 la khansa ya m'mawere imatengedwa kuti ndi "khansara". Izi sizikutanthauza kuti iwo alowerera minofu ina iliyonse kapena yomwe yafalitsidwa. Zimangotanthauza kuti apyola mu thumba la pansi ndikukhala ndi "mwayi" wofalitsa. Gawo 1 ndilo gawo loyambirira la khansara la m'mawere ndi siteji 4 ndizopambana kwambiri ndipo zimatengedwa ngati khansa ya m'mawere.
Khwerero 2 ya khansa ya m'mawere imaphatikizapo zotupa zosachepera 2 masentimita ndi masentimita asanu ndi awiri ndipo zikhoza kufalikira ku minofu pafupi ndi chotupacho.
Kusinthana
Khansa imatengedwa ndi kugawidwa mu magawo ndi chinachake chotchedwa TNM system .
M'dongosolo lino:
- T imaimira kukula kwa chotupa. T0 amatanthauza kuti chotupa sichitha kupezeka m'mimba. T1 imaphatikizapo zotupa zomwe zili ndi masentimita 2 kapena osachepera (inchi kapena zosachepera). T2 imaphatikizapo zotupa zomwe ziri pakati pa 2 cm ndi 5 masentimita awiri. T3 imaphatikizapo zotupa zazikulu kuposa masentimita asanu.
- Nimayimira kutenga nawo maselo a mliri. N0 (N-zero) zikutanthawuza kuti khansara sinafalikire ku mitsempha iliyonse. N1mi imafotokoza khansa yomwe yafalikira ku mitsempha yam'mimba koma kufalikira kungakhoze kuzindikiridwa pansi pa microscope ( micrometastases ). N1 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauzira zotupa zomwe zafalikira ku nthendayi imodzi pafupi ndi chotupa. N2 imatanthawuza khansa yomwe yafalitsa kutali ndi chotupacho.
- M akuimira metastasis. M0 amatanthauza kuti palibe metastases alipo. M1 imatanthawuza kuti khansara ya m'mawere yafalikira kumadera ena a thupi monga mafupa, ubongo, chiwindi, kapena mapapo.
Pogwiritsira ntchito TNM dongosolo, pali T ndi N zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa khansara monga gawo 2A kapena siteji 2B. Popeza mwachidule 2 khansa za m'mawere sizinasinthe, M nthawi zonse amatsatira zero. Zowonjezera gawo 2 ziphatikizapo:
- Gawo 2A: T0, N1, M0: Palibe zotupa zapezeka m'matumbo, koma maselo a khansa akhala m'mayirasi pafupi ndi chifuwa chanu.
- Gawo 2A: T1, N1, M0: Muli ndi chotupa cha 2 cm kapena chaching'ono chomwe chafalikira ku nthenda imodzi ya minofu, OR: chifuwa chanu chabaya minofu yapafupi pafupi ndi masentimita 0,1 ndipo yafalikira ku nthendayi imodzi.
- Gawo 2A: T2, N0, M0: Chotupa chanu chaposa 2 masentimita kapena osachepera 5 masentimita, koma sanakhudzidwe ndi mitsempha yambiri.
- Gawo 2B: T2, N1, M0: Chotupa chanu chachikulu kuposa masentimita 2 ndi osachepera 5 masentimita, ndipo chaphatikizapo maselo amphongo pafupi.
- Gawo 2B: T3, N0, M0: Chotupa chanu chaposa 5 masentimita, koma sichifika pa khoma kapena khungu lanu, ndipo simunayende kumalo amodzi.
Chithandizo
Katswiri wanu wamagetsi adzalemba zotsatira zonse za mayeso pa khansara yanu ndikukupatsani chithandizo chodziwika bwino.
Njira zochiritsira zidzakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika pa khansa ya m'mawere 1, ndi zosiyana siyana za zikopa zazikulu kapena mitundu yapamwamba ya khansara.
- Zochitika Zachigawo: Kusankha opaleshoni kudzaphatikizapo lumpectomy kapena mastectomy , yomwe ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a m'mafupa kapena pachifuwa. Ngati mankhwalawa akuthandizidwa, izi zidzakhudza nthawi ya kumanganso mawere omwe mungakhale nawo.
- Mankhwala Opatsirana (Adjuvant Treatments): Mankhwalawa adzakhudza maselo onse m'thupi lanu ndipo adzakuthandizani kupewa kubwereza. Malingana ndi msinkhu wanu, thanzi labwino, malo ovomerezeka a mahomoni , kutenga nawo maseĊµera olimbitsa thupi ndi zotsatira za HER2 / neu , mukhoza kupatsidwa mankhwala a chemotherapy , hormonal therapy , Herceptin , kapena mankhwala enaake ochiritsira.
- Chithandizo cha Neoadjuvant: Mungasankhe opaleshoni yoyamwitsa pachifuwa, koma muli ndi chotupa chomwe chili chachikulu kwambiri kuti musakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pambuyo pa lumpectomy. Pachifukwa ichi, oncologist wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mukhale ndi mankhwala ochiritsira musanachite opaleshoni, mukuyembekeza kuti mukuchepa. Pamene njirayi ili bwino, chotupa chaching'ono chingachotsedwe ndipo chithandizo chapafupi chingaperekedwe ngati pakufunika. Matenda ena samayankha bwino chithandizo chisanachitike ndipo pamene izi zichitika, vutoli lidzafunika. Mutha kuganizira zakumanganso mawere .
Zopulumuka
Nyuzipepala ya National Cancer Data Base imapeza kuti zaka zisanu zapakati pachitetezo cha 2A khansa ya m'mawere ndi 93 peresenti kwa odwala omwe anamaliza mankhwala. Kuchiza kwasintha kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo, kotero mukhoza kuyembekezera kupulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali ngati mwatenga kumene. Mudzawona oncologist wanu kwa zaka zisanu zothandizira pakutsata miyezi itatu iliyonse ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pazaka zisanu mungafunike kuwona wanu wa oncologist kamodzi pachaka, koma maulendowa nthawi zambiri amapitilira mmoyo wanu wonse. Maulendowa ndi ofunikira kuti chitsimikizo chikhale bwino komanso kuti mankhwala asabwererenso sadzafunika.
Kusamalira Kutsata
Mukhoza kukhala pakati pa miyezi itatu kapena khumi ndi itatu kapena kupitilira mankhwala opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mawere. Zingakhale zophweka ngati opaleshoni ndi masabata asanu ndi limodzi a ma radiation, kapena monga mbali yonse ya chemo, ma radiation, ndi zina zothandizira. Mulimonsemo, mudzakhala ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zowerengera zomwe mukufufuza ndi anu oncologist, pamene mungafunikire kutenga mankhwala a mahomoni ngati chotupa chanu chinali chodziwika ndi mahomoni. Ena a oncologist s akuyamikira mankhwala otchedwa hormonal treatments omwe amapitirira zaka zoposa zisanu kwa omwe ali ndi zotupa zotenga estrogen. Ngati muli ndi chotupa chomwe chiri estrogen-receptor positive, wanu oncologist angakulimbikitseni kuti mugwiritse ntchito bisphosphonate mankhwala ngati ndinu postmenopausal. Bisphosphonates ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a osteoporosis koma onse amawoneka kuti amathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi kuti khansara ya m'mawere idzafalikira ku mafupa (malo otchuka kwambiri a metastase).
Kulimbana
Ngati mwapezeka posachedwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere 2 mukhoza kumva kuti mukuvutika ndi zonse zomwe mukuyenera kuphunzira. Onetsetsani malangizo awa pomwe mungayambire khansa yatsopano ya m'mawere .
Mwamwayi, panopa pali zambiri zomwe mungalandire chithandizo, ndipo phunzirani zambiri za momwe mumadziwira. Funsani thandizo ndikufikira okondedwa anu. Ngakhale ngati mumakonda kukhala "wamphamvu" kudalira ena kuti awathandize. Khalani nawo mbali imodzi mwa magulu othandizira khansa ya m'mawere kapena magulu othandizira omwe alipo.
Chofunika kwambiri, phunzirani momwe mungakhalire wanu woimira pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa . Mankhwala ochizira khansa akusintha mofulumira, ndipo ndikofunika kumvetsa zomwe zilipo kuti muthe kukhala membala wa gulu lanu lachipatala.
Mawu ochokera pa Gawo 2 Khansa ya m'mawere
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere yapakati 2, maganizo anu akadali abwino kwambiri. Mukhoza kukhala ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi / kapena mankhwala odzola kwambiri kuposa ngati chotupa chanu chinali sitepe 1, koma zotupazi ndizochiritsidwa kwambiri. Icho chinati, chithandizo ndi chofunikira. Yesetsani kwa anzanu. Phunzirani zambiri momwe mungathere ndi khansa yanu. Ganizirani kukhala nawo pagulu lothandizira kapena kansera ya pa Intaneti. Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere chikukulirakulira, komanso kuwonjezera pa chithandizo, midzi imeneyi ndi malo abwino kuti musamvetsetse kafukufuku waposachedwapa pa khansa ya m'mawere. Chofunika koposa, khalani woyang'anira wanu pa chisamaliro chanu. Onetsetsani kuti mumamvetsa dongosolo lanu la mankhwala ndikukumbukira kuti ndinu munthu wofunika kwambiri mu gulu lanu la chisamaliro cha khansa.
> Zotsatira:
> National Cancer Institute. Matenda a khansa ya m'mawere (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/mastast-treatment-pdq.