Kukambirana ndi kawirikawiri, komabe nthawi zambiri sitimvetsetsa. Kodi mudadziwa kuti kukambirana kwenikweni kumatchedwa kuvulala kwa ubongo ? Kukambirana ndi matenda aakulu ndipo ayenera kuchitidwa mozama. Zokambirana zimapezeka nthawi zambiri kwa ana chifukwa cha masewera omwe amachitira nawo. Zokambirana pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata zikuyamba kutengedwa mozama kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi a sukulu ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala chifukwa cha zochitika za nthawi yaitali zomwe zingachitike.
Zokwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni zisanu zimachitika chaka chilichonse, zomwe zimachititsa kuti vutoli liwonongeke kwambiri. Zotsatira ndi chabe kuvulala kwa mutu kumene kumabwera chifukwa cha kupweteka kumutu. Kuwombera pamutu kumayambitsa mutu ndi ubongo kusunthira mofulumira komanso nthawi zina mowawa. Kusunthika kumeneku kumapweteketsa kwambiri minofu ya ubongo ndipo ikhoza kubweretsa ubongo kuzungulira kapena kupotoza mu chigaza. Kusunthika kumeneku kungawononge maselo a ubongo ndikupanga kusintha kwa mkati mwa ubongo. Zingathe kuyambitsa maselo onse a ubongo nthawi yomweyo, monga kulanda .
Njira inanso yofotokozera zokambirana ndi "kupweteka kwa ubongo" kumene ntchito ingakhudzidwe popanda kuwonongeka konse. Ngakhale kuganiza mofatsa kungabweretse chisokonezo, kusokonezeka, ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira. Kuwombera kumutu sikuyenera kukhala kovuta kuti zithetse vuto. Ngakhale kupweteka pang'ono kungayambitse mgwirizano womwe ukhoza kulenga zotsatira za nthawi yaitali.
Kafukufuku wa masewera a masewera a kusekondale awonetsa kuti ngakhale zokambirana zofatsa zingabweretse mavuto aakulu a nthawi yaitali, makamaka pamene wothamanga amaloledwa kubwerera ku masewera awo mofulumira kapena ali ndi mbiri ya zovuta zambiri.
Zisonyezo Zokambirana
Ndikofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za kukangana.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingasonyeze kukambirana kofatsa:
- Mutu
- Kusokonezeka
- Kutopa
- Kusamalitsa mavuto
- Kusokonezeka
- Amnesia
- Kusokonezeka
- Nausea
- Kuthamanga
- Kukhumudwa
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti "kuzima" kuyenera kuti kuchitike kuti apange mkangano. Komabe, zosachepera 10 peresenti ya zochitika zokhudzana ndi masewera zimakhala zikuwonongeka. Zizindikiro za kuganiza zingakhale zofatsa kapena zolimba ndipo zingathe kukhala maola, masiku, masabata, kapena miyezi. Pambuyo pa zokambirana, ubongo ukhoza kusokoneza kwambiri ngati sungalole kupuma.
M'madera a zachipatala ndi a sukulu, ma protocol akukambidwa kuti awonetse bwino ana omwe ali ndi mavuto. Malamulo awa amatchulidwa kuti "kubwereza-phunzirani" kapena "kubwereranso" malamulo. Komabe, nthawi zina amaonetsetsa kuti "kubwerera-kusewera" komanso zochepa pa "kubwereza-phunzirani." Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi nthawi yaitali amapereka vuto linalake la maphunziro.
Nthawi zambiri ana amakhala ndi masomphenya kapena zokhudzana ndi maso ndi zokambirana. Mapulogalamu ambiri "obwereza-kuphunzira" samaphatikizapo masomphenya a masomphenya muzitsulo zowunika ngakhale kuti maphunziro omwe amasonyeza ntchito za minofu ya maso ndi convergence (kutembenuka kwa maso mkati) zimakhudzidwa ndi ana ambiri okhala ndi zotsatira.
Nkhanizi sizingapezeke ndi MRI kapena mayesero ena, koma munthu akabwerera ku sukulu kapena kugwira ntchito, amazindikira kuti pali chinachake chochepa. Kukhwima kwa zokambirana kapena zochitika zambiri kungapangitse ziwonetserozi kuti ziwonongeke kapena zikhale zowonjezereka.
Kukambirana ndi Masomphenya Anu
Kusokonezeka kwa mutu ndi zokambirana zingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa mawonekedwe a zithunzi ngakhale pamene kujambula kwachipatala kumasonyeza zotsatira zowoneka bwino. Gulu la zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa mawonedwe olakwika, zogwirizana ndi diso ndi chizungulire mutatha kukambirana kuti "matenda opweteka a m'mbuyo." Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimachitika m'mbuyo mwa matenda a masomphenya ndi zozunguza, kuyenda kapena zovuta (gait) kutsindika mavuto, mutu, ndi masomphenya awiri.
Zikuwoneka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa zowonongeka m'maganizo kawirikawiri amakhala anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lina lomwe lapita patsogolo. Anthu awa amakonda kukhala ndi zovuta zambiri powerenga nkhani ndi mavuto oyang'ana maso pambuyo pa kukambirana. Ngakhale zokambirana zofatsa zingakhudze masomphenya ndipo zimapangitsa kuti munthu asawonongeke. Mikangano yovuta ikhoza kuyambitsa khungu ndi masomphenya awiri. Zotsatira zabodza zambiri pa masomphenya ndizovuta kuyang'ana pafupi ndi zinthu kapena pa zipangizo zamagetsi (makompyuta, mapiritsi, ndi mafoni apamwamba) mutatha kukambirana.
Zotsatira zotsatira za maso kapena masomphenya zikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa zokambirana:
- Masomphenya awiri: Zokambirana zazikulu zingathe kupanga masomphenya awiri owona . Masomphenya awiri omwe amatha pambuyo pa kukambirana ndi kupitiriza ndi chizindikiro chakuti zowonongeka zingakhale zitachitika kuposa poyamba. Izi ziyenera kuyesedwa mwamsanga kuti asatuluke chovulaza chachikulu. Pambuyo pa kuvulala koopsa kwambiri, mawonedwe awiriwa amafunika kuchitidwa kapena kuyang'aniridwa. Masomphenya awiri ali okhumudwitsa kwambiri ndipo amachititsa chizungulire, kuvutika kulinganitsa, kuyenda, ndi kuwerenga. Kugwirizanitsa manja kungakhalenso kovuta.
- Kulephera kugwira ntchito: Anthu nthawi zambiri amavutika kuti asinthe maganizo awo kuchokera kufupi ndi kutali. Ndondomeko yoyang'ana pafupi ndi zinthu imatchedwa malo ogona. Kulephera kugwira ntchito n'kofanana ndi presbyopia. Presbyopia imachitika pafupi zaka 40 ndikuvutika kuyang'ana pafupi ndi zinthu. Kawirikawiri kumawerenga magalasi, zibocals kapena mapulogalamu owonjezera omwe amapatsidwa kuti athetse vutoli. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi zokambirana nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi zofanana zomwe zimawonongeka ndi masomphenya pafupi. Maso awo angawoneke ngati athanzi, koma kuwonongeka kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumaonekera, kutsanzira presbyopia. Pamene tikukalamba, anthu amalephera kuyang'ana pafupi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa maso a maso. Pambuyo pa zokambirana, wina akhoza kutaya luso limeneli chifukwa gawo la ubongo limayesa kuti machitidwe omwe akuyang'ana malingaliro angadwalitsidwe ndi vutoli. Mwamwayi, zovuta zapaderazi sizikuwonekera pa MRI.
- Kusintha kwa kusinthika: Vuto lina lofala kwambiri lomwe limakhalapo nthawi zambiri pamapeto pake pamakhala kusakwanira . Kutembenuka kusagonjetseka ndiko kuchepa kwokhoza kutembenuza maso ndi kusunga masomphenya a binocular pamene mukuyang'ana pa chida choyandikira monga kuwerenga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Convergence ndi kutembenuzira mkati kwa maso kumbali ya mphuno kuti iganizire pa chinthu chapafupi. Anthu omwe akuvutika chifukwa cha kusamvetseka kwawo amakhala ndi vuto pogwiritsa ntchito maso awo palimodzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amangodandaula chifukwa cha kutopa, maso achisoni pakuwerenga.
- Kusamvetsetsa kuunika: Nthawi zambiri anthu amangodandaula za kuzindikila kuunika komanso kuyera. Ndipotu, mutatha kupwetekedwa mutu, kuzindikiritsa kuwala ndiko chizindikiro chachiwiri chomwe chikuwonekera pambuyo pamapeto. Zimaganiziridwa kuti zimakhala chifukwa cha ubongo wosakhoza kusintha kwa miyezo yosiyanasiyana ya kuwala pambuyo pa kuvulala. Kumvetsetsa kwawunikiraku kungapangitse kusokonezeka kumaganizira nthawi yaitali.
- Kuwunika kwa diso: Zinyama zazing'ono, zofulumizitsa maso nthawi zina zimachitika pambuyo pa zokambirana zomwe zingayambitse mavuto otsogolera maso. Kusuntha kwa diso limeneli kungayambitsenso mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito manja, nthawi zina kumabweretsa mavuto pa masewera ndi m'kalasi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa ngati zovuta kugwiritsira ntchito.
- Kuwonetseratu kuchepetsa maonekedwe: Anthu ena omwe ali ndi zokambirana amatha kupitiliza kuwonongeka. Kawirikawiri wolimba pa wothamanga, kuchedwa pakukonza zithunzi kumabweretsa mavuto powerenga masewera, kuweruza maulendo, kuweruza liwiro la osewera, ndi liwiro la mpira.
Mawu Ochokera
Mwamwayi, zambiri mwazochitika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukambirana zidzathetsa, koma ndi kupumula. Nthawi zambiri madokotala amalimbikitsa kupumula kwathunthu popanda kukakamiza ubongo, kuphatikizapo masewero a pakompyuta, TV, kapena kucheza ndi anzathu. Zosakakamizika zochepa zimakhala bwino. Izi zimapatsa ubongo mpata woti awone. Ngati izi zikupitirirabe, kuyambiranso kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya ubongo kudzalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse mavuto akuluakulu a zachipatala komanso nthawi zina. Ambiri mwa mavutowa amachiritsidwa ngati sakudzikonza okha. Zambiri za masomphenyawo zimayankha bwino kuchipatala. Masomphenya, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri amachitidwa ndi optometrists, amakhala ndi machitidwe a maso ndi maphunziro omwe amathandizira kubwezeretsa minofu ndi maso.
> Chitsime:
> Wolter, M, Pelino, C, Pizzimenti, J, Kukambirana komanso mavuto aakulu, Kufotokozera za Optometry, March 15, 2017.