Zilonda ziwiri zovomerezeka za FDA za Ana ndi Akuluakulu
Chibayo chimachititsa kuti anthu opitirira 50,000 aphedwe ku US chaka chilichonse ndipo amalembetsa maulendo oposa 400,000 oyendayenda, malinga ndi lipoti la Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, katemera wodwala wa chibayo, makamaka pakati pa okalamba, wachepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amwalira kuyambira 1999.
Ndikunenedwa kuti, pafupi 65 peresenti ya omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu adapezeka katemera wabwino.
Nthaŵi zambiri, anthu sadziwa ngati akufuna katemera kapena mtundu wa chibayo womwe ukutanthauza kuti muteteze. Ena samadziwa kuti katemera alipo.
Mtundu wa Pneumonia
Chibayo chimatanthauzidwa ngati kutukusira kwa mapepala a mpweya m'mapapu omwe angadzaze ndi madzi ndipo amachititsa kupuma kuvutika, malungo, kuzizira, ndi kukhwima ndi pus kapena phlegm. Matenda a chibayo amayamba chifukwa cha majeremusi koma amatha kukhazikika ngati mumapatsa chakudya kapena madzi m'mapapo ( aspiration pneumonia ) kapena kutenga mabakiteriya osakaniza mankhwala pamene muli kuchipatala.
Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri umadziwika kuti chibayo chopezeka pakati pa anthu chomwe chimafalitsa monga mabakiteriya, kachilomboka, kapena bowa kufalikira kunja kwa malo owonetsera thanzi. Mwa izi, mabakiteriya ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri.
Matenda a bakiteriya amatha kufalikira ndi m'malo opuma opuma omwe amatsokomola kapena kuwomba.
Ambiri amayamba chifukwa cha treptococcus pneumoniae , bakiteriya okhala ndi serotypes oposa 90. Mwa mitunduyi, mitundu 10 imayambitsa mavuto ambiri a chibayo.
Ngakhale kuti chibayo chachikulu chabakiteriya chimakhudza kwambiri kapepala ka kupuma, chingayambitse matenda aakulu ngati imafalikira m'magazi.
Ngati izi zitachitika, zimatha kupha magazi (pneumococcal bacactia / sepsis ) ndipo zimapangitsa kutupa kwa ubongo ndi msana (pneumococcal meningitis ). Kuopsa kwa imfa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chibayo choopsa ndi pakati pa zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri peresenti ndipo akhoza kukhala apamwamba kwa okalamba.
Mitundu ya Katemera wa Pneumonia
Pali katemera awiri omwe angapereke chitetezo ku S Treptococcus pneumoniae . Zingathe kulepheretsa mitundu ina ya bakiteriya chibayo (monga zomwe zimayambitsa Chlamydophila pneumoniae kapena Mycoplasma pneumoniae ) kapena zogwirizana ndi bowa kapena kachilombo .
Matenda awiri a FDA omwe amavomereza amawopseza munthu motsutsana ndi serotypes yomwe imayambitsa matenda ndi matenda osagwira ntchito. Ali:
- PCV13 , yogulitsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti Prevnar 13, zomwe zimalepheretsa mitundu 13 yambiri ya S. pneumoniae
- PPSV23 , ogulitsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti Pneumovax 23, yomwe imateteza kuonjezereka 23 s S. pneumoniae serotypes
Palibe katemera wopangidwa kuchokera ku mabakiteriya amoyo kapena onse koma m'malo mwa chipolopolo cha bakiteriya. Ngakhale kuti zigawozi sizingayambitse matenda, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayang'ana ngati zoopseza ndipo zimayambitsa yankho loteteza mofanana ndi mabakiteriya enieni.
Katemera wa PVC13 umatulutsidwa mosagwedezeka kumalo osokoneza dzanja kapena pamtunda wa kunja. PPSV23 kuwombera angaperekedwe mwadzidzidzi kapena pansi pang'onopang'ono (khungu).
Kodi Amayi Omwe Amafunika Katemera Wotani?
Katemera wa chibayo sakuvomerezedwa kwa aliyense. Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa anthu amene ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda aakulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Ana ndi ana monga gawo la katemera wawo
- Anthu opitirira zaka 65
- Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu monga HIV, matenda a mtima, matenda a chiwindi, impso, ndi shuga
- Kuwombola kwa thupi ndi munthu amene akudwala mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe afooketsa ma chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi komanso odwala mankhwala osokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opuma opuma monga asthma, emphysema, matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)
- Anthu omwe amasuta fodya (amene ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mapapu) kapena omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri (omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV)
- Munthu akuchira kuchokera kuchipatala kapena matenda aakulu
Katemera pakali pano sakuvomerezedwa kwa anthu pakati pa 18 ndi 64 omwe ali odwala. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa aliyense amene adzizidwa kale ndi katemera kapena ali ndi zozizwitsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa katemera.
Katemera
Katemera wa chibayo ndi gawo limodzi la ndondomeko ya katemera wa mwana. Malingana ndi CDC, ana onse ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala anayi a PVC13 miyezi iwiri, miyezi inayi, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndi pakati pa miyezi 12 mpaka 15. Ana omwe amaphonya ma shoti kapena ayambe mochedwa ayenera kupitsidwanso katemera, momwe chiwerengero chawo chidzasinthidwe malinga ndi msinkhu wawo.
Akuluakulu omwe katemera wa chibayo amasonyezedwa ayenera kutenga mawotchi onse: choyamba, PCV13 ikuwombera kenako PPSV23 ikuwombera chaka kapena kuposerapo.
Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala, katemera ayenera kukupatsani chitetezo cha moyo wanu wonse. Kwa iwo omwe sanamalize maphunzirowo, akhoza kuwombera mphukira yothamanga. Madokotala ena amaperekanso odwala awo mphamvu zowonjezera zaka zisanu mpaka khumi pambuyo pa zochitika zoyambirira.
Zotsatira Zotsatira
Zotsatira za katemera onsewo zimakhala zofatsa ndikudzipangira okha mkati mwa masiku amodzi kapena angapo. Ambiri ali okhudzana ndi malo osokoneza bongo kapena amawonetsa ndi zizindikiro zofatsa, zozizira. Zina mwa zizindikiro zambiri:
- Kutopa
- Mutu
- Kutentha thupi kwambiri
- Kupweteka kwa minofu (myalgia)
- Zowawa zofanana (arthralgia)
- Kupweteka kwa tsamba lajeremusi, kufiira, kutupa, kapena chifundo
- Chills
- Kugona
Nthawi zambiri, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kapena kutupa kwa khungu kungatheke.
Pakakhala vuto lalikulu-kuphatikizapo ming'oma, zotupa, kupuma kwa mpweya, kutupa kwa nkhope, kutupa kwa lilime, chisokonezo, kapena kuitanitsa 911 kapena kupita ku chipinda chanu chapafupi mwamsanga. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke, thupi lonse limayambitsa matenda (anaphylaxis) lomwe lingathe kuchitidwa mantha, kutentha, komanso kufa.
> Zotsatira:
> Association of Lung America. " Zizindikiro za Pneumonia ndi Influenza: Kuchepetsa ndi Kufa." Washington, DC; inaperekedwa mu November 2015.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations." Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa December 6, 2017.
> CDC. "FastStats: Chibayo." Idasinthidwa pa January 20, 2017.
> Daniels, C .; Rodgers, P .; ndi Shelton, C. "Kubwereza Katemera wa Pneumococcal: Katemera wa Polysaccharide wamakono. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 21 (1): 27-35. DOI 10.5863 / 1551-6776-21.1.27.
> Tagaro, A .; Bote, E .; Sanchez, A. et al. "Mavuto a Beremeremia ya Pneumococcal After Vaccination-Concentration Vaccine". Ped Infect Dis J. 2016: 35 (12): 1281-7. DOI: 10.1097 / INF.0000000000001302.