Kawirikawiri matenda a shuga sadziŵika mpaka atapita patsogolo, koma akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti matenda oyambirira a matendawa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti apereke mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Akatswiri ofufuza za matenda a shuga akufufuza kuti athandizidwe kale matenda a shuga, omwe akufufuza kuti azitha kudwala matenda a shuga nthawi yaitali asanayambe matendawa. Chigawo chimodzi chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi gawo la ma antibodies.
Ma antibodies mu shuga
Ma antibodies ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amapezeka m'magazi komanso kwinakwake m'thupi. Ma antibodies amazindikira ndi kuwononga zinthu zakunja m'thupi, monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Nthaŵi zina, ma antibodies amalephera kugwira ntchito ndi kumenyana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Izi zikachitika, ma antibodies osagwira ntchito amatchedwa autoantibodies. Kawirikawiri, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1, autoantibodies amawononga komanso amawononga maselo a insletin omwe amachititsa kuti asokonezeke. Chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi chingathenso kupezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, koma kawirikawiri.
Asayansi atulukira ma antibodies angapo omwe amawoneka kuti akugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha shuga, kuphatikizapo glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies (GADA) ndi islet cell antibodies (ICA). Mankhwalawa amamenyana ndi mapuloteni osafunika komanso m'maselo a beta.
Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amakhala ndi ma antibodies apamwamba kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito panja, kuphatikizapo autoantibodies omwe amawononga machitidwe a thupi lawo.
Mankhwalawa amakhulupirira kuti amawononga maselo omwe ma antibodies amateteza.
Ana makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu asanu ndi anayi a ana omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 amakhala ndi ICA ndi autoantibodies a GADA. Kufikira 25% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 omwe ali achikulire awonjezeka m'magulu oterewa.
Ma antibodies mu Screening Early
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wawonetsa kuti kukhalapo kwa autoantibodies a GADA kungakhale chizindikiro cholimba choyambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Nthawi zambiri, maantiantibodieswa alipo kale asanatuluke zizindikiro za shuga kapena prediabetes. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a magazi kuti awonetse ma carantibodies awa - makamaka mwa abale a iwo omwe ali kale ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 - angathandize kudziwa ngati munthuyo ali chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wa shuga umene ungapangidwe. Kuzindikira koyambirira kotereku kungathandize kuthetsa vutoli.
Ma antibodies mu matenda a shuga
Anthu ambiri amapanga shuga ya mtundu wachiwiri chifukwa ali olemera kwambiri komanso amakhala ndi moyo wambiri. Komabe, ena mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 akhoza kukhala ndi ma antibodies ndi autoantibodies pamlingo wokwera kapena woposa omwe ali ndi shuga ya mtundu wa 1. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 angapange mayeso a magazi kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi carantibodies aliwonse m'matupi awo. Mtundu wa shuga wa 2 wokhala ndi masitepe apamwamba a ma autoantibodies akhoza kukhala osowa insulini m'tsogolomu. Zomwezi zingathandize kuthana ndi matenda awo komanso ngati atha kuyambitsa jekeseni wa insulini kuti athetse matenda awo a shuga.
Matenda a Shuga Otsatira Aakuluakulu: 'Pakati pa' Matenda a shuga
Anthu ena amapanga shuga yambiri ya shuga yomwe poyamba imawoneka ngati mtundu wa shuga ndipo imayankha mankhwala odwala matenda a shuga. Komabe, pakapita zaka zingapo, mankhwalawa amalephera kugwira ntchito komanso odwala ayenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito insulini. Mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga nthawi zina umatchedwa kuti "shuent autoimmune" shuga wa munthu wamkulu (LADA), omwe nthawi zina imatchedwanso "pakati pa shuga" kapena mtundu wa shuga wa shuga chifukwa amayamba ngati mtundu wa shuga, asanakhale wa shuga wa mtundu wa shuga .
Anthu omwe ali ndi LADA ali ndi makampani apamwamba a ICA ndi GADA, komanso mabungwe apamwamba omwe amagwira ntchito mosavuta.
Pakapita nthawi, maantiantibodies amatha kupangitsa kuti thupi likhale ndi mphamvu yotulutsa insulini. Izi zikachitika, mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2 umakhala mtundu wa shuga.
Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi LADA amakhala ndi ma antibodies ambiri ogwira ntchito bwino, ma chitetezo cha mthupi awo amatha kuponderetsa antantiantibodies mosavuta komanso kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa anthu omwe poyamba anapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 ali aang'ono. Komabe, patapita nthawi ma autoantibodies a anthu omwe ali ndi LADA amawononga mphamvu ya thupi yotulutsa insulini. Choncho, kudalira insulini kumakula mofulumira kwa wodwalayo wa LADA kuposa momwe alili wodwala matenda a shuga 2.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu iwiriyi ya magetsi osagwira ntchito koma samayambitsa mtundu uliwonse wa shuga. Kuwonjezera apo, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti zifukwa zoopsa kwambiri za mtundu wa shuga 2 - zakudya ndi kulemera - sizikugwirizana ndi kusagwira ntchito kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo izi zimatha kulamulidwa ndi moyo wathanzi.