Ena mwa anthu aang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi ali ndi vutoli
Kukula kwachilendo koyambirira ndi gulu la mavuto omwe kukula kwa munthu kuchedwa kuyambira kumayambiriro a chitukuko, kapena m'mimba. Mwachindunji, makanda omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chochepa kwambiri cha intrauterine amayamba kuchepa (IUGR), omwe amalephera kukula msinkhu. Izi zikhoza kuzindikiridwa patangotha masabata khumi ndi awiri (13) mimba ndipo imakula pang'onopang'ono pamene mwanayo akufika nthawi yonse.
Ndi mtundu wa amamera omwe amachititsa anthu ena ochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Akuluakulu samakula kwambiri kuposa masentimita 33 ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu apamwamba chifukwa chokhala ndi mawu ochepa.
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Mtundu Wachiwiri (MOPDII), womwe ndi umodzi wa matenda asanu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi, kukula kwa ubongo kumakhala pafupi ndi mwana wa miyezi itatu. Komabe, izi sizimakhudza chitukuko cha nzeru.
Kukula Kwambiri Kwambiri pa Kubadwa
Pa kubadwa, mwana wakhanda yemwe ali ndi chibwibwi chochepa kwambiri, amakhala wochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhala wolemera makilogalamu 1.4 ndipo amayenda masentimita osachepera 16, omwe ali pafupi kukula kwa mwana wamwamuna wa masabata 30. Kawirikawiri, khanda limabadwa msanga pamasabata 35 aliwonse. Mwanayo alimbidwa bwino ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa thupi, koma zonsezo ndizochepa.
Atabadwa, mwanayo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amakhala kumbuyo kwa ana a msinkhu wake. Pamene mwanayo akukula, kusintha kwakukulu kwa thupi kudzayamba kuoneka:
- Mutu umakula mofulumira kuposa thupi lonse (microcephaly).
- Mphuno ya manja ndi miyendo idzakhala yochepa kwambiri.
- Zilumikizo zidzakhala zosasuntha ndi kusokoneza nthawi zina kapena kusasintha kwa mawondo, ziboda, kapena chiuno.
- Makhalidwe a nkhope angaphatikizepo mphuno ndi maso ndi maso ochepa komanso osowa.
- Mavuto a msana monga kupotoka (scoliosis) amatha kukhalanso.
- Mawu apamwamba, osokonezeka amavomereza.
Mitundu Yopambana Kwambiri
Mavuto asanu a majeremusi akugwera pansi pa ambulera yazithunzi zochepa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo:
- Russell-Silver Silver
- Matenda a Seckel
- Matenda a Meier-Gorlin
- Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD mitundu I ndi III)
- MOPD mtundu II
Popeza kuti zinthuzi n'zosavuta, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi zambiri zomwe zimachitika. Akuti anthu ochepa pa 100 ku North America adziwika kuti ali ndi MOPD Type II.
Mabanja ena ali ndi ana oposa mmodzi omwe ali ndi MOPD Type II, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti matendawa amachokera ku majini a makolo onse awiri osati chimodzi (chikhalidwe chomwe chimadziwika kuti autosomal recessive pattern ). Amuna ndi akazi amitundu yonse angathe kuthandizidwa.
Kuzindikira Kukula Kwambiri Kwambiri
Popeza mavuto aakulu kwambiri amtunduwu ndi osowa kwambiri, matenda osokoneza bongo ndi ofala. Makamaka kuyambira ali mwana, kulephera kukula kumakhala chifukwa cha zakudya zoperewera kapena matenda osokoneza bongo.
Sitikudziwikiratu kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe limakhalapo mpaka mwanayo atakhala wochepa kwambiri. Panthawiyi, ma X-ray adzawonetsetsa mafupa ochepa komanso kupatula mapeto a mafupa aatali.
Pakalipano palibe njira yowonjezeretsera kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi chibwibwi chachikulu. Mosiyana ndi ana omwe ali ndi ubongo wambiri , kusowa kwa kukula kwabwino sikugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa hormone. Kuchulukitsa mankhwala opanga mahomoni, kotero, sikungakhale ndi zotsatira zochepa.
Pambuyo pa matendawa, chithandizo chamankhwala chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazokhalitsa mavuto pamene akukula, monga mavuto odyetsa ana, masomphenya, scoliosis, ndi kuphatikizana.
> Chitsime:
Anna > Klingseisen ndi Andrew P. Jackson. Njira ndi njira zowonjezera zolephera kwambiri. Genesis & Development: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2011.
> Nemours Yopanda Thandizo Labwino Pachipatala. Chofunika Kwambiri.
> Shaheen, R .; Fageih, E .; Ansari, S .; et al. "Kusanthula kwachibadwa kwa chilengedwe chachikulu kumatulutsa matenda a matenda atsopano." Genom Res. 2014; 24 (2): 291-299.