Phunzirani zambiri za momwe matenda a DNA amawononga DNA m'maselo athu
Kachenogeni ndi chinthu chilichonse kapena wothandizira yemwe amachititsa khansa. Zimatero mwa kusinthasintha maselo a maselo kapena kuwononga DNA m'maselo athu, kusokoneza njira zamagetsi. Kuzindikiritsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kuti adwale ndi khansa kumathandiza kupewa ntchito.
Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala mankhwala, mavairasi, kapena mankhwala komanso mankhwala othandiza kuchiza khansa.
Ngakhale kansajeni kapena kuphatikiza mafupa angapangitse khansara, sizingakhale nthawi zonse chifukwa chizolowezi chokhala ndi khansa chingatengedwe.
Mmene Carcinogens Amayambitsa Kansa
Mankhwala a kansajeni angayambe khansa m'njira zotsatirazi:
- Mwa kuwononga DNA m'maselo omwe amachititsa kusintha kwa maselo (kusokoneza maselo ambiri)
- Popanda kukhudza DNA mwachindunji, koma m'malo mwake amachititsa maselo kugawa mofulumira kusiyana ndi yachizolowezi, zomwe zingapangitse mwayi kuti DNA isinthike ndi kusinthika.
DNA ya selo ikhoza kuonongeka ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zochitika, kuphatikizapo:
- Moyo-zomwe mumadya, ngati mumasuta, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
- Kutuluka kwachilengedwe-kuwala kwa ultraviolet, galimoto ya radon, opatsirana
- Mankhwala-ma radiation ndi chemotherapy , mahomoni, ma immunosuppressants
- Kuwunikira kwina kuntchito-ntchito zina zawonjezereka ku mankhwala kapena mafakitale
- Kuwonekera kwa nyumba - kuyeretsa mankhwala, mapezi, herbicides, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zina zotero.
- Kutulutsa mpweya kunja kwa mpweya kapena ngakhale utsi wa fodya wonyansa
Mitundu ina ya khansa siimayambitsa khansara koma ingayambitse khansa. Mitundu ina ya khansa imayambitsa khansara ngati mutakhala ndi nthawi yaitali. Momwe thupi lanu limachitira pamtundu uwu wa kutayika, kutalika, ndi nthawi, kukula kwa chiwonetserocho, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe anu a chibadwa kudzawonetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa.
Chizindikiro cha Carcinogens
Ma carcinogens amadziwika ndi The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC ndi mbali ya World Health Organisation (WHO) ndipo cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho kudziwa zotsatira za khansa zomwe zingakhale zosiyana siyana ndi kuika khansa moyenera.
Mankhwalawa amagawidwa kukhala amodzi mwa magulu awa:
- Gulu 1: Mankhwala a khansa kwa anthu
- Gulu 2A: Mwinamwake matenda oopsa kwa anthu.
- Gulu 2B: Mwinamwake kachipeniki kwa anthu.
- Gulu lachitatu: Osadziwika kuti matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa anthu
- Gulu 4: Mwinamwake osati khansa kwa anthu
Zinthu Zodziŵika Zomwe Zimakhala ndi Khansa kwa Anthu
Zingakhale zovuta kuyesa ndikugawa zinthu monga matenda a khansa kwa anthu ngati sizowoneka kuti ndizoyesa kuti aone ngati chinachake chingayambitse khansara powawonetsera anthu. Chifukwa chake ochita kafukufuku amatha kugawa zinthu zoposa 100 monga "khansa kwa anthu."
Zina mwa zinthu zofala kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika kuti kukhala khansa kwa anthu zimaphatikizapo (pali zambiri zambiri):
- Mowa
- Kupanga aluminium
- Arsenic ndi masoka a arsenic
- Asbesito (mitundu yonse) ndi mineral substances (monga talc kapena vermiculite) omwe ali ndi asibesitosi
- Benzene
- Cadmium ndi cadmium mankhwala
- Malasha, mpweya wamkati kuchokera ku moto
- Kutulutsa injini, dizilo
- Vuto la Epstein-Barr (matenda)
- Estrogen postmenopausal therapy
- Malemedwe
- Helicobacter pylori (matenda)
- Matenda a hepatitis B (matenda aakulu)
- Matenda a hepatitis C (matenda aakulu)
- Matenda a munthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (1-HIV) (matenda)
- Mankhwala a papillomavirus (HPV) (matenda ndi mitundu ina)
- Maizoni a dzuwa (mitundu yonse)
- Kupanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo (kuwonetsa malo ogwira ntchito)
- Dothi lachikopa
- Mafuta amchere, osasamalidwa kapena osamalidwa bwino
- MOPP ndi zina zotchedwa chemotherapy kuphatikizapo alkylating agents
- Mankhwala a nickel
- Kutuluka kwa mpweya kunja
- Paint (kuwonetsa malo ogwira ntchito monga pepala)
- Nyama yosakanizidwa (kumwa)
- Radoni
- Makina opanga mafakitale
- Sakani mafuta
- Phulusa la silika, crystalline, mofanana ndi quartz kapena cristobalite
- Mazira a dzuwa
- Fodya, wosuta
- Kusuta fodya, kumagwiritsira ntchito
- Kusuta fodya
- Ultraviolet (UV) ma radiation ndi zipangizo zamoto zotulutsa ultraviolet
- Vinyl kloride
- Mtengo wa Wood
- X- ndi Gamma-rayation
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Zodziŵika ndi Mwinanso Mankhwala a Mankhwala .
Bungwe la World Health Organization. Kuchiza Khansa .