Kumvetsetsa Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Chiwindi cha Chiwindi
Matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera kutupa kwa chiwindi. Kutupa kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa zingapo kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mavairasi ena, kutsekemera kwa mankhwala, poizoni za chilengedwe, matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mowa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi, palinso chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a chiwindi, makamaka matenda a chiwindi (HCV).
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina wokhudza matenda okhudza matenda a Edzi amasonyeza kuti anthu 20-30% a ku America omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Choncho, ndi kofunikira kumvetsetsa zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi, komanso mitundu ya mavairasi omwe amadziwika.
Miyeso ya Viral Hepatitis Infection
Chilombo cha hepatitis chikhoza kusankhidwa mwachidwi ndi siteji ya matenda.
Matenda opatsirana amapezeka nthawi kapena pafupi ndi nthawi yowopsa kwa kachirombo ka HIV. Kuyamba kwa zizindikiro kungakhale mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono koma kawirikawiri amakhala kawirikawiri, nthawi zambiri kuthetsa mkati mwa miyezi iwiri. Panthawi imeneyi, kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kawirikawiri kumakhala kofatsa monga kuwonetsa (fibrosis) pachiwindi chomwecho. Chiwindi cha chiwindi kawirikawiri chimakhala chosasinthika ndipo zizindikiro, ngati zilipo, sizingowonongeka. Nthawi zina, matenda opatsirana amatha kuwonekera momveka bwino, osasiya umboni wa kachilomboka kapena kuwonongeka.
Matenda opatsirana ndi omwe amapitirira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa gawo lachilendo sizingakhale zenizeni kuti sizinakhalepo ngakhale kuti fibrosis ikhoza kukula m'chiwindi. Pakati pa siteji, matendawa angatanthauzidwe kukhala osapitirira (ndi zizindikiro zikuyamba pang'onopang'ono ndi mofatsa) ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri (pamene mawonetseredwe a matendawa ndi ovuta komanso omveka).
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda osatetezedwa, pali chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a chiwindi, momwe chiwindi cha chiwindi chimakhala chokwanira kwambiri kuti chisokoneze chiwindi (kubwezeredwa kwa chiwindi) kapena kuimitsa (kwathunthu matenda a chiwindi), zomwe zimayambitsa chiwindi chosalimba.
Maonekedwe ena a matenda aakulu omwe amachititsa matendawa ndi hepatocellular carcinoma, omwe amawopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha khansa ya chiwindi.
Zizindikiro Zodziwika ndi Matenda a Hepatitis Wachilombo
Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi amasiyana, malinga ndi mtundu wa kachilombo ka HIV, koma izi ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Jaundice (kutuluka kwa maso ndi khungu)
- Choluria (mdima wa mkodzo)
- Fever
- Kutopa
- Nausea
- Kuthamanga
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Zowawa zofanana (arthralgia)
- Kupweteka kwa minofu ( myalgia )
Pakati pa matenda aakulu, zizindikiro zimatha kutchulidwa, ngakhale kuti sizingatheke. Nthaŵi zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kugawira chiwopsezo cha chiwindi yekha. Kuwonjezera pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, zizindikiro zake za matenda a chiwindi ndi:
- Kutentha kosasintha kapena kutentha (paresthesia)
- Chosavuta "nsonga-ndi-singano" kumverera (phokoso la m'mimba)
- Khungu lachitsulo (pruritus)
- Anakulira, malo oopsa (urticaria)
- Maso owuma amatsagana ndi pakamwa youma (matenda a Sicca)
Ndipokha pamene chiwindi chimadwala ndipo ntchito yake ndi yovuta kuti zizindikiro ziwonetsere matenda a chiwindi. Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi chimaphatikizapo:
- Nkhumba zamphongo (kangaude nevi), makamaka pa thunthu ndi nkhope
- Khungu lachitsulo (pruritus)
- Kufiira pamanja (manja a palma)
- Kulira kosavuta kapena magazi osadziwika (variceal magazi)
- Kumangirira kwa madzi m'ziuno ndi mapazi (edema)
- Kusasamala bwino ndi kukumbukira
- Kutaya njala (anorexia)
- Kutaya thupi
- Mankhwala otsika (testicular atrophy)
- Kusokonezeka kwa Erectile kapena kutayika kwa libido
- Kusamvana kwauchidakwa
Matenda a chiwindi ndi a hepatocelllular carcinoma amadziwika kuti ndi matenda oteteza chiwindi.
Mitundu ya Hepatitis ya Viral
Pakalipano, pali mavairasi asanu ndi limodzi omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a chiwindi, omwe amasankhidwa ndi makalata A kupyolera mwa G. Njira zawo zofalitsira, kufalitsa malo ndi kufotokozera zimasiyana, komanso njira zomwe zingapewere kapena kuteteza matenda.
Mu dongosolo lachilembo:
- Chiwindi cha hepatitis A (HAV) , chomwe chimadziwika kuti matenda opatsirana a chiwindi, nthawi zonse chimakhala chovuta komanso sichitha. HAV imafalitsidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi zotupa zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kapena zakudya zamtundu kapena madzi zomwe zakhudzana ndi fecal. Matenda a HAV kaŵirikaŵiri amayamba chifukwa cha kusamba m'manja kosasamba m'manja. Katemera wa hepatitis A umapezeka kupeŵa matenda, kuperekedwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Hepatitis B (HBV) , yomwe imatchedwa serum hepatitis imafalitsidwa kudzera kugonana, samaliseche, kugawaniza singano zowonongeka, ndi kuyika magazi. HBV kawirikawiri idzayamba kudwala matenda a shuga popanda chizindikiro cha kutentha kwa chiwindi. Kuopsa kwa kutenga mankhwala a Hep B kungachepetse ndi katemera wa hepatitis B, pamene katemera wa Twinrix ukhoza kuteteza ku HAV ndi HBV.
- Hepatitis C (HCV) imafalitsidwa makamaka ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sironi zowonongeka ndi singano, koma zingathenso kuperekedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana pamene ali ndi pakati komanso nthawi zambiri, pogonana. HCV ikhoza kufotokozera mwachangu anthu ochuluka kwambiri mpaka 30-40% omwe ali ndi kachilombo popanda zizindikiro za zizindikiro. Zina zikhoza kudwala matenda aakulu omwe angapite mosayembekezereka kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale kuti palibe katemera woteteza chiwindi cha chiwindi C, pali mphamvu zowononga zowonongeka (DAAs) zomwe zitha kupereka mankhwala opitirira 99% mwa anthu ena.
- Hepatitis D (HDV) ndi mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angatanthauzidwe ndi ku HBV. Zoterezi, zimatha kuyenda ndi matenda a HBV koma sizisonyeza zokha.
- Hepatitis E (HEV) ndi ofanana ndi HAV ndipo imayambanso kupyolera mu zakudya ndi madzi owonongeka kapena okhudzana ndi nyansi. Mukaganiza kuti ndizosawerengeka, kuwonjezereka kwa mayiko ena kwachititsa kuti akatswiri ena awonetsere kuti Achimereka mpaka 20% akhoza kutenga kachilomboka.
- Hepatitis F (HFV) ndi kachilombo komwe anthu ena amakhulupirira amachititsa kuti matenda a chiwindi asinthe. Ngakhale kuti pali angapo omwe angakhale oyenerera muzaka za m'ma 1990, pakadakalipobe kutsimikizika kwa kukhalapo kwa HIV.
- Hepatitis G (HGV) nthawi zambiri imakhala ikuphatikizana ndi hepatitis A, B kapena C.
Zotsatira:
Association Association ya Kuphunzira za Matenda a Chiwindi (AASLD). "Kuyang'ana Mliri Woopsa Wadziko Lonse Ndiponso Wachigawo." Washington, DC Nkhani yofalitsa ya November 3, 2013.