Vuto lalikulu limapitirirabe ngakhale kuzindikira bwino
India ndi imodzi mwa mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi anthu oposa biliyoni okhala m'deralo pafupifupi theka la kukula kwa US Kulingana ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku Maulana Azad Medical College ku New Delhi, pafupifupi 6,3 peresenti ya anthu (pafupifupi 63 mamiliyoni a anthu) ali ndi chiwerengero cha kuwonongeka kwakumvetsera kwa ntchito .
Ngakhale kuti kugontha kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu kwa dziko lomwe likudziwika ndi umphawi - ndi anthu 276 miliyoni omwe amakhala pansi pa chikhalidwe cha umphaŵi-boma likuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kuyamika kuti chidziwitso cha anthu chiwonjezereke ndi kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro a maphunziro ndi maphunziro a ntchito za ogontha ndi ogontha zovuta kumva.
Miyambo Yachisoni ku India
Monga dziko losiyana ndi zigawo zambiri za m'madera, India akuvutika kupeza chinenero cha manja chovomerezeka, monga momwe US anachitira m'ma 1960 ndi chinenero cha manja cha ku America (ASL) .
Ngakhale kuti chinenero cha manja cha Indo-Pakistani (IPSL) chimaonedwa kuti ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku South Asia, pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa India (kuphatikizapo chinenero cha manja cha Delhi, chinenero chamanja cha Bombay, chinenero cha manja cha Calcutta, ndi chinenero chamanja cha Bangalore-Madras), aliyense ali ndi malingaliro awo enieni ndi galamala.
Mofananamo, mafilimu otsekedwa a TV atsekedwa m'mbuyo ngakhale kuti ojambula okongola a dziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa kusowa kwa ndalama mu luso lamakono, anthu ambiri osadziwa kulemba ndi kuwerenga (pafupifupi 37.2 peresenti, malinga ndi UNICEF) adachepetsanso kuyesa kulengeza thandizoli kwa anthu onse. Komanso, pafupi ndi awiri peresenti ya ana ogontha ku India amapita kusukulu, kupitilizabe chikhalidwe chosawerengera komanso mwayi wochepa wachuma.
Komanso kutsutsa chikhalidwe ndizolepheretsa chikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo zomwe zimazunza osamva mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji. Chitsanzo chimodzi chotere ndi Malamulo a Manu, omwe ndi mabuku ofanana ndi a Hindu, omwe amanena kuti anthu ogontha sayenera kuloledwa kukhala ndi katundu koma kudalira zofunikira za ena.
Ngakhale kuti amwenye ambiri amasiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndi amatsenga, zikhulupiliro zoterezi zimapitirizabe kudyetsa chisankho chomwe sichimakhudza kwambiri vuto lakumva.
Magulu Osamva ku India
Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zazikulu izi, kuyesetsabe kwakukulu kuli kupititsa patsogolo zifukwa za anthu ogontha komanso omvera kwambiri ku India. Lero, dzikoli liri ndi mabungwe ambiri omwe aperekedwa kwa ogontha ku maiko, mayiko, ndi maiko. Magulu awa amathandiza kukonza misonkhano yofunikira ndikupereka malangizowo pothandizira makampu monga Tsiku la Ogontha Lamlungu lililonse.
Mwa zina mwa mabungwe ofunika:
- Association of the Deaf National (New Delhi)
- Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for Hearing Odwala (Mumbai)
- Nyuzipepala yonse ya India (Deal Delhi)
- Bihar Association of the Deaf (Patna)
- Bungwe la Anthu Osamva (Bhopal)
- Delhi Association of the Deaf (New Delhi)
- Delhi Foundation kwa Azimayi Osamva (New Delhi)
- West Bengal Society kwa Anthu Osamva (Kolkata)
- Madras Association of Anthu Osamva (Chennai)
- Chigawo cha Tamil Nadu State of the Deaf (Chennai)
- Nyuzipepala yonse ya India ya anthu ogontha (New Delhi)
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro Osamva ku India
M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (70s), dziko la India likhoza kuitanitsa sukulu zopitirira 10 za ogontha m'dziko lonselo.
Ngakhale kuti palibe njira yokwanira yothandizira maphunziro kwa ana osamva ndi akulu, zinthu zikukula pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Masiku ano, palinso masukulu ambiri osamva m'dziko lonse lapansi omwe ali ndi ndende zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, ndi Delhi.
Pakati pa ena mwa masukulu akuluakulu apamwamba (ndi boma):
- Sukulu ya Maphunziro a Anthu Osamva ndi Akhungu (Andras Pradesh)
- Pulogalamu ya Umoyo wa Kumvetsera ndi Kulankhula Odwala (Haryana)
- Central Society for Education of the Deaf (Maharashtra)
- Maphunziro Audiology ndi Research Society (Maharashtra)
- Maphunziro a Aural for the Hearing Impair (Maharashtra)
- Shri Swami Samarth
- Badhit Bal Vikas Kendra (Rajasthan)
- Msonkhano Wakuthandizira Wopanda Thandizo wa Calicut (Kerala)
- Pulogalamu ya Helen Keller ya anthu osamva ndi osamva (Maharashtra)
- Multipurpose Training Center kwa Ogontha Delhi)
- Osamva ndi Dumb Industrial Institute of Latur (Maharashtra)
- Rehabilitation Council of India (Delhi)
> Zotsatira:
> Garg, S .; Chandra, S .; Malhotra, S. et al. "Kusamva: kulemetsa, kupewa, ndi kulamulira ku India." Natl Med J India. 2009; 22 (2): 79-81. PMID: 19852345.
> United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF). "Ziwerengero za India." Geneva, Switzerland; zasinthidwa pa December 27, 2013.