Ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ku United States ndi kunja, angakhale ozoloŵera kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mwauchidakwa, kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wochokera ku Australia, anasonyeza kuti, pafupifupi, akatswiri a zamankhwala 37 amafa chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Pakalipano, kafukufuku wa boma la United States adapeza kuti oposa 168,000 ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi othandizira anzawo amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chaka chilichonse.
Pakati pa 2003 ndi 2013, olamulira a ku Australia anapha anthu 404 odwala mankhwala okhudzana ndi mankhwala, ndipo anamwino amawerengera 63 peresenti ya anthu omwe anamwalira ndi odwala pa 18 peresenti.
Ochita kafukufuku ananena kuti mankhwala ambiri amapezedwa mosagwirizana ndi antchito ogwira ntchito, kaya ndi kuba kapena kudziletsa. Amanena kuti zingapo zingapangitse antchito ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kufa kwa msanga, kuphatikizapo ntchito zapamwamba, nthawi yambiri yogwira ntchito, ndi kukonzekera kupeza zinthu zowonongeka.
Akatswiri ambiri amaganiza kuti vutoli limayambanso chifukwa cha kupsinjika maganizo komwe kuli ndi ntchito komanso zosavuta kupeza mankhwala.
Chifukwa Chimene Amagwiritsira Ntchito Nkhanza Ambiri Akukula
Pofuna kuwonetsa izi, Kent Runyon, Wogwirizanitsa Ntchito komanso Wachiwiri Wachiwiri wa Community Relations ku Novus Medical Detox Center ku Florida, adagawana maganizo ake pa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo.
(Novus Medical Detox Center ndi malo osamaliramo mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza odziwa zaumoyo za chiwerengero cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndipo mwamsanga olemba ntchito amawathandiza kuti athetse vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu odzipereka oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kupereka chithandizo choyenera.)
Nchifukwa chiyani mukuganiza kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo akufala kwambiri pakati pa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo? Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwafala kwambiri m'bungwe lathu lonse, kotero kuti kuvulaza antchito athu azaumoyo komanso sizodabwitsa. Chothandiza kwa ogwira ntchito zamankhwala ambiri ndi mwayi wawo wopita kuchipatala kuntchito, kuti zikhale zosavuta, ngakhale zowopsa, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi. Posachedwapa tazunza dokotala yemwe akuba Fentanyl kuntchito yake kuti adzidyetse yekha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Kodi wogwira ntchito zachipatala angachite chiyani ngati akuwakayikira wogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Malo aliwonse ogwira ntchito adzakhala ndi zosiyana zosiyana ndi zochitika monga izi kuntchito. Kawirikawiri, yankho lolondola ndiloti lipoti likhale loyang'anitsitsa kwa woyang'anira mwamseri kapena lipoti lachindunji kwa munthu wina mu Dipatimenti Yopereka Zolinga.
Kodi ndi zizindikiro ziti kapena zizoloŵezi zomwe wathanzi angachite ngati akuledzera, kapena akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa?
- Kuthamangitsidwa kawirikawiri kapena osadziwika kuti palibe. Izi ziphatikizapo kusintha kapena kuchuluka kwa zopuma zomwe zatengedwa
- Kusagwirizana pa ntchito-kuntchito.
- Mavuto azachuma.
- Zowonongeka zazing'ono zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala kwazing'ono kapena zinthu zosweka.
- Zozizwitsa za thupi zosazolowereka (khalidwe losasunthika, ntchito yowopsa, kutaya kwadzidzidzi, mavuto a mano, kuvala manja aatali nthawi yotentha, ndi zina zotero)
- Mwadzidzidzi osadera nkhaŵa pa maonekedwe ndi ukhondo.
- Moody ndi kusintha kwakukulu pamayankhidwe awo ku mayankho ogwira mtima ndi kuyankhulana kwachizolowezi.
- Kusakhutira kulankhula za zokondweretsa, moyo wa banja, kapena zofuna zaumunthu kwa munthu amene analipo kale.
- Zotsatira zochepa zokolola m'mawa; luso loyamba pamene lipoti likuyamba kugwira ntchito
- Maso a magazi, kapena matumba pansi pa maso akusonyeza kusowa tulo.
- Kusintha kwa chiyanjano ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri, osakhalanso ndi nthawi yopuma kapena ola limodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito.
Kodi olemba ntchito zaumoyo angatani kuti athetse vutoli kuntchito? Olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso ntchito zabwino monga kuyezetsa mankhwala, ogwira ntchito, ndi Employee Assistance Programs (EAP). Kuonjezerapo, abwana ndi akuluakulu akufunikira kuyika ndi kusunga ndondomeko ya chitetezo ndi kuyankha kwa zinthu zogonjetsedwa. Khalani ndi chiopsezo chilichonse kuti namwino kapena dokotala angathe kutsogolera [mankhwala] kuti agwiritse ntchito.
Kufufuza Kwambiri
Ku United States, lipoti laposachedwapa lonena za kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mafakitale poyerekeza ndi data kuyambira 2003-2007 ndi 2008-2012, ndipo adapeza chiwerengero cha akatswiri a zaumoyo ndi chithandizo chaumoyo omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuchoka pa 164,600 mpaka 168,400 pachaka. Nkhani yowunika ya USA TODAY inavumbulutsira kuti munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 10 alionse adzagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kumwa mowa nthawi ina.
Chomwe chimapangitsa chikhalidwe ichi kuti chikhudze, ndikuti ogwira ntchito zachipatala apatsidwa chisamaliro chosamalira ena, pamene akatswiri ambiri azachipatala akusowa chithandizo chokwanira okha.
"Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo akuyenera kugwira ntchito yofunikira pozindikira ndi kuchiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Komabe, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti ambiri mwa iwo akulimbana ndi nkhondo yawo yotsutsa ndi kudalira, "adatero Will Wesch, Mtsogoleri wa Admissions kwa Novus Medical Detox Center. "Awa ndi anthu omwe mosakayika amamvetsa kuopsa kwa kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, kotero kuti iwo adagwapo amatsimikizira kuti palibe amene angathe kuledzera kapena kudalira."
Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'mabungwe othandizira azaumoyo mwina sakananyalanyazidwa kapena kunenezedwa, Wesch akuti masewero otchuka monga a Netflix chithandizo Mchidziwitso Jackie adalimbikitsa kuzindikira za nkhaniyi, pomwe nkhani zasonyeza kuti zotsatira zake zingatheke. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri wina wa chipatala yemwe anapezeka akudzipiritsa yekha ndi mankhwala a odwala ndi kubwezeretsa syringes ndi saline amakhulupirira kuti walandira odwala oposa 45 omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi.
"Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pakati pa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo kungakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwa odokotala ndi odwala mofanana," anachenjeza Wesch. "Ndi chifukwa chake zili bwino kuti olemba ntchito azikhala ndi mapulogalamu ndi ndondomeko zothetsera mavutowa asanayambe kupha. Atsogoleri amayenera kuyang'anira ogwira ntchito kuti awonetseke kuti akuvutika maganizo komanso akugwira ntchito mopitirira malire, komanso amapereka chithandizo chamaganizo choyenera kuti athetse antchito a 'kudziletsa' kuti athe kupirira ntchito zawo. "
Chilango
Kuwonjezera pa zovuta zenizeni ndizokuti antchito ambiri othandizira zaumoyo akudziwa bwino kuti ntchito yawo ikhoza kusokonezedwa chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo . Zolango zingaphatikizepo chilolezo chokhazikitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa pokhapokha ngati atapatsidwa chithandizo. Ngakhalenso ngati dokotala , atatha kukwanitsa kuthetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chilolezo choyimitsa chimakhalabe pa mbiri yake, ngati mbendera yofiira kwa olemba ntchito zamtsogolo. Izi zingachititse ogwira ntchito zachipatala kupeŵa thandizo pofuna kuyesera kubisala. Ngakhale zili choncho, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri limatha kumenyana ndi wozunzayo, koma mpaka patha zotsatira zowonongeka kwambiri kwa anthu onse okhudzidwawo: odwala, ogwira nawo ntchito, ndi ozunza okha.
Choncho, Wesch amalangizanso olemba ntchito kuti azipereka ndi kulimbikitsa kupeza njira zothandizira mankhwala m'malo modalira ndondomeko za chilango. "Ngati akatswiri a zamankhwala amaopa ntchito zawo, amakhala obisala ntchito zawo kusiyana ndi kupeza thandizo. Mofananamo, antchito angakhale oyenera kubisala anzawo omwe akuganiza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa sakufuna kuti aliyense athamangitsidwe, "adatero. "Pamene olemba ntchito akuthandizira pulogalamu ya mankhwala a rehab ndi a detox, ikhoza kulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala oyera. Zimapatsanso mwayi wa chithandizo chachipatala mwayi wokonzanso wogwira ntchito wodzipereka komanso wodziwa zambiri m'malo molemba ndi kuphunzitsa m'malo. "
> Zotsatira:
> Pilgrim, Jennifer L .; Nyimbo; ndi Olaf H. Drummer. "Kumwalira kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo M'mabungwe Ochipatala a ku Australia ndi Odwala-Care Professionals"; Malonda; November 20, 2016. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.13619/full
> Bush, Donna M. ndi Rachel N. Lipari. Lipoti la CBHSQ: Kugwiritsira Ntchito Magwiritsidwe Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Magetsi kwa Makampani; Kusokoneza Bongo ndi Utsogoleri wa Zipatala Zamaganizo, Chithandizo cha Makhalidwe a Zaumoyo ndi Umoyo; April 16, 2015.
> Scott, Sophie ndi Dr. Norman Swan. "Phunziro limasonyeza Mliri Wapamwamba wa 'Zosafuna' Imfa Yogwirizana ndi Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Pakati pa Achirendo"; ABC (bungwe la Australia Broadcasting Corporation); November 20, 2016.
> Eisler, Peter. "Madokotala, Odwala pa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo Anaika Odwala Pangozi"; USA LERO; April 17, 2014.