Phunziro latsopano, lochirikizidwa ndi National Cancer Institute (NCI), linapeza kuti akazi, omwe ali ndi mabere wandiweyani, angapindule ndi njira yowonongeka yomwe sichikutsatirani mamemogram oipa ndi kuwunika kwina monga ultrasound, PET scan kapena MRI. Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti mayi wabwino angayambe khansa ya m'mawere atatha kukhala ndi chifuwa choipa, ndipo asanakhale ndi njira yowunika, yomwe imaganiziranso zoopsa zina monga zaka, mtundu, mbiri ya banja komanso mbiri ya bere khansa zamoyo.
Mawere amatha kusakaniza ndi minofu ndi mafuta. Mawere anu amadziwika ngati mulibe mafuta ambiri, ndipo mawere anu ali ndi minofu yambiri. Njira yokha yomwe mungadziwiritsire kukula kwa chifuwa chanu ngati muli ndi mammogram. Radiologist yokha ingathe kudziwa kukula kwa chifuwa chanu. Simungamve. Matenda olimbitsa thupi satanthauza mabere wambiri.
Pali magulu anayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera ubongo wake:
- Mawere amene ali ochepa kwambiri ali ndi minofu yonse
- Mawere amene afalikira madera a fibroglandular
- Mawere ndi zovuta kwambiri
- Mawere omwe ali pafupi ndi minofu yambiri yokha komanso yofiira.
Mafupa owopsa angapangitse kuti khansa ikhale yovuta pa mammografia. Komabe, mphamvu zamakono zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi chida choyang'ana kwa amayi omwe ali ndi mabere wambiri. Nthawi iliyonse yomwe ingatheke, mayi yemwe ali ndi mafupa wandiweyani ayenera kukhala ndi digito ya digito monga digito yatsimikiziridwa kukhala chida chowunikira bwino kuposa chikhalidwe cha filimu yamagetsi.
Mafupa owopsa amasonyeza kuti mammograms ndi oyera, ndipo, moteronso akhoza kubisa chotupa, chifukwa khansa imasonyezanso yoyera. Kotero kuyesedwa kwina kumaperekedwa kuti tipewe khansara iliyonse yomwe sinatengedwe mu mammografia.
Mafupa wandiweyani siwodziwika. Pafupi theka la amayi omwe ali ndi mamimba ali ndi mabere wambiri. Matenda owopsa amapezeka kwambiri kwa atsikana achichepere, komanso amayi omwe amatenga mankhwala a mahomoni kuti athetse zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za kusamba.
Mafupa owopsa amaonedwa ngati chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mimba nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa zovuta zabodza pazithunzi zojambula.
Kuda nkhawa ndi kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere kwa amayi omwe ali ndi mabere wandiweyani kwachititsa kuti mayiko 22 ali ndi malamulo omwe amalamulira madokotala kuti adziwe amayi ngati ali ndi mabere wambiri, komanso kuti akambirane kukhala ndi chithunzi chowonjezera monga MRI, PET, kapena ultrasound pamtundu waukulu wa mamimba . Congress tsopano ikuganiza kuti ikukhazikitsa malamulo omwewo.
Ngakhale zojambula zina zowonjezera zingapeze khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imasowa m'thupi, njirazi zingapangitse kuchuluka kwa zifukwa zabodza. Malingaliro onyenga amafunika kukhala ndi njira zowonjezereka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ululu ndi nkhawa za zosafunikira zosafunikira.
Phunziroli, lotsogolera ndi Karla Kerlikowske, MD, wa yunivesite ya California, San Francisco, linafalitsidwa mu Annals of Internal Medicine .
Deta zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa phunziroli zinachokera kwa akazi 365,000 a zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 74 mu Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), pulogalamu ya NCI yolipirira. Mavuto a khansa ya m'mawere azimayi asanu amatha kuganizira za chifuwa cha msinkhu, zaka, mtundu, mbiri ya banja ya khansa ya m'mawere, ndi mbiri yake ya mawere a m'mawere kuti awonetsetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere m'zaka zisanu zotsatira.
Ofufuza anapeza kuti pafupifupi 47 peresenti ya akaziwa anali ndi mabere wambiri. Azimayi omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chopeza khansara pakati pa mamimba ndi omwe ali ndi magawo 75 mwa magawo 100 aliwonse a mawere awo omwe amawona minofu yambiri.
Choyimira chiopsezo cha BCSC chakonzedwa ngati chida chothandizira kupanga chisankho. Omwe amasamalira anthu oyambirira angathe kuwerengera ngozi ya khansa ya zaka zisanu pogwiritsira ntchito chiwerengero chowopsa ndipo agwiritse ntchito chidziwitso ichi m'makambirano awo pa njira zowonjezereka kapena njira zowunikira amayi omwe ali ndi mabere wambiri. Chowerengera chowopsa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyerekezera chiopsezo cha amayi chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mkazi wa msinkhu wofanana ndi fuko.
"Phunziroli ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito nzeru mwanzeru kuti chidziwitso chidziwike," anatero Stephen Taplin, MD, MPH, wa NCI's Division of Cancer Control ndi Population Sciences.
Malingana ndi zotsatira za phunzirolo, Dr. Kerlikowske anati, "Sizingakhale zomveka kwa amayi onse omwe ali ndi mabere wambiri kuti apeze kuwunika kwina."
Zotsatira: National Cancer Institute, ndi Annals wa Internal Medicine