Dziko la opaleshoni ya pulasitiki sili yonse yokongola komanso yokongola. Ngakhale opaleshoni yapulasitiki yodzoladzola imakhala yowonekera kwambiri, opaleshoni yokonzanso mapulasitiki ndi yofunika kwambiri pothandiza anthu kuti azidzimvera okha.
Chithandizo cha zilonda zam'mimba chimagwa pansi pa gulu la opaleshoni ya pulasitiki yokonzanso. Opaleshoni yapulasitiki amaphunzitsidwa kuthana ndi zilonda zapakhungu, monga momwe amaphunzitsidwira kukweza nkhope ndi liposuction.
Tanthauzo
Kupsyinjika kwa zilonda ndi malo a khungu omwe amathyoka pamene nthawi zonse imapanikizidwa, kapena kupanikizidwa kuphatikizapo kukameta ubweya ndi / kapena kukangana, kumaikidwa pa khungu. Kuwonongeka kwa khungu kumeneku kumatha kuwonetsa minofu yambiri, kuphatikizapo fupa.
Zilonda zowonjezera zimachitika pamtunda wotchuka, monga sacrum (mchira wa fupa), fupa lamphongo, chigoba, kapena ischium.
Maina ena akuphatikizapo kupweteka kwambiri, chilonda cha decubitus, decubiti, ndi bedsore.
Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 1.3 mpaka 3 miliyoni chaka chilichonse amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
Anthu Oopsa Kwambiri pa Zilonda Zopanikizika
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilonda zowonjezera zikhale zotsatizana zikupezeka m'magulu otsatirawa:
- Odwala omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zam'chiuno : 66 peresenti ali ndi vuto la zilonda
- Odwala anayi: 60 peresenti ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba
- Achinyamata omwe ali ndi ziwalo zaumphawi (ana odwala ziwalo, spina bifida, kuvulala kwa ubongo, etc.)
- Odwala omwe amachiritsidwa m'chipatala
Zifukwa za Ulcers
Kuchepetsa (kusweka kwa khungu) kumayambitsidwa ndi mavuto opitirira pakhungu. Kuwonjezeka kwachulukira kumachepa kapena kumathyola mitsempha ya magazi, yomwe imachepetsetsa magazi ku khungu ndi minofu yapansi. Izi zimabweretsa imfa.
Chidule cha Ulcer
Zilonda zolimbitsa thupi zimasankhidwa malinga ndi magawo akufotokoza kuchuluka kwake kwa minofu.
- Gawo 1: Khungu lenileni lomwe lili ndi ubweya wofiira wa malo omwe mukukhalamo. Khungu lakuda kwambiri lopaka utoto lingakhale losiyana ndi mtundu wozungulira.
- Gawo lachiwiri: Pakatikati ya kuchepa kwa nsonga . Vuto limawoneka ngati chilonda chosatseguka kapena blister yowonongeka kapena yopasuka.
- Gawo 3: Kutaya kwathunthu kwa nsonga. Mafuta osakaniza angakhale ooneka, koma fupa, tendon kapena minofu sizowonekera.
- Gawo lachinayi: Kukwanira kwa minofu yowonongeka ndi fupa, phokoso kapena minofu.
Zilonda zina zowonjezereka sizingasunthike chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minofu kapena kutayidwa ndi eschar.
Pressure Ulcer Sites
Chilonda cha zilonda chikhoza kuchitika paliponse pamene palipa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, malo omwe anthu ambiri amawoneka ndi otchuka kwambiri:
- Ischium: 28 peresenti ya zilonda zosautsa zili pa ischium
- Hip fupa: 19 peresenti ya zilonda zapakhosi ziri pa mfupa ya m'chiuno
- Sacrum (Mchira Chakudya): 17 peresenti ya zilonda zapakhungu zili pa sacrum
- Chitsulo: 9 peresenti ya zilonda zapadera ziri pa chidendene
- Scalp
Chithandizo
Zilonda zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mthupi komanso / kapena opaleshoni.
Gawo 1 ndi 2 zilonda zam'mimba zimatha kuyang'aniridwa popanda opaleshoni. Kusintha kavalidwe kavalidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chilonda chikhale choyera ndikulimbana ndi mabakiteriya. Nthawi zina, mankhwala opangira maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ululu wa ululu.
Gawo lachitatu ndi 4 zowononga zilonda nthawi zambiri zimafuna kupaleshoni. Choyamba ndicho kuchotsa minofu yonse yakufa. Izi zimatchedwa "debridement." Kusokonezeka kwa chipsinjo cha zilonda kumatsatiridwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa . Kubwezeretsa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yanu kuti mudzaze dzenje / chilonda
Kupewa
Zilonda zolimbana ndi zotetezedwa. Nazi malingaliro a momwe mungapewere iwo.
- Pezani chinyezi kuti muteteze khungu ndi kuwonongeka kwa khungu. Izi zikutanthauza kupewa kupewa kukhudzana ndi nyansi, mkodzo, kapena thukuta.
- Samalani mukamasamukira ku bedi lanu kapena mpando wanu. Izi zimapewa kukangana ndi kumeta khungu.
- Pewani kukhala kapena kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yaitali. Kusintha malo kumapangitsa khungu lanu kutha ndipo amalola kubwerera kwa magazi.
- Khalani ndi zakudya zoyenera. Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi kumathandiza kuti khungu lanu likhale labwino komanso limapangitsa kuti likhale lopeweratu kuvulala komanso kulimbana ndi matenda.
Mavuto
- Hematoma
- Kutenga
- Kusokonezeka kwapweteka
- Kubwereza
Zotsatira
Disa JJ, Carlton JM, Goldberg NH. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira odwala opweteka kwambiri. Plast Recon Surgery 89: 272, 1992.
Evans GR, Dufresne CR, Manson PN. Kukonza opaleshoni kukonza zilonda zam'mimba m'tawuni: Kodi zimapindulitsa? Malonda Okhudzidwa ndi Malangizo 7: 40,1994.
Kierney PC, Engrave LH, Isik FF, et al. Zotsatira za zilonda zowonjezera 268 mwa odwala 158 zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi kuchiritsa mankhwala Plast Recon Surgery 1-2: 765, 1999.
Miller H, Delozier J. Zotsatira za mtengo wa mankhwala opatsirana ndi zilonda. Columbia: Center for Health Policy Studies, 1994.
Komiti Yowonongeka ya National Pressure Ulcer. Zasinthidwa Kutsatsa Njira.
Relander M, Palmer B. Kubwereranso kwa zilonda zochitidwa opaleshoni. Zokwanira Zowonjezereka 22:89, 1988.
Tavakoli K, Rutkowski S, Cope C, et al. Zotsatira za chiwerengero cha zilonda za ischial mu para-ndi tetraplegics zothandizidwa ndi ziphuphu zotsalira: Kuphunzira kwa zaka 8. B J Akupukuta Kwambiri 52: 476, 1999.