Pamene ana amabadwa ndi khutu limodzi
Microtia ndi vuto la kubadwa kwa khutu la mwana. Zimakhalapo ngati khutu lakunja liri laling'ono ndipo silinapangidwe kukhala khutu labwino m'mimba mwa mwana wamwamuna pamasabata angapo oyamba a mimba. Poyamba vutoli limapezeka pamene mwana ali m'mimba, ndizovuta kwambiri. Khutu lakumanja limakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa khutu lakumanzere kapena makutu onse awiri.
Mwana mmodzi kapena asanu mwa ana khumi aliwonse obereka ana 10,000 ali ndi microtia.
Zimakhudza amuna kuposa akazi ndipo ndizofala kwambiri ku Asiya ndi Hispania kusiyana ndi Caucasus ndi African-American. Chochitika chachikulu kwambiri chiri pakati pafuko la Navajo la Amwenye Achimereka. Ochipatala apulasitiki, komabe, akhoza opaleshoni kukonza zofooka za khutu.
Zimayambitsa
Palibe amene amadziwa chifukwa chenicheni cha microtia chimachitika. Nthaŵi zina, ma genetic ndi amene amachititsa, kaya chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini kapena chifukwa cha kusalongosoka kwa jini imodzi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a majini. Mankhwala ena, monga Accutane (isotretinoin) atengedwera panthawi ya mimba, amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi mpaka mwana, ndipo zowonongeka ndizomwe zingayambitsenso microtia.
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwana akhale ndi microtia ndi matenda a shuga komanso zakudya za amayi, malinga ndi US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mwapadera, ngati mayi ali ndi shuga asanatenge mimba, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mwana ndi microtia poyerekeza ndi mkazi yemwe alibe matenda a shuga.
Komanso, amayi apakati omwe amadya chakudya chochepa m'zakudya komanso folic acid akhoza kuonjezeranso mwayi wawo wophika mwana ndi microtia.
Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro
Microtia ikhoza kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina kumakhala khungu la khungu komwe khutu liyenera kukhala. Nthawi zina mbali za khutu lakumunsi zilipo, koma khutu lakumwamba silikupezeka.
Maonekedwe aakulu kwambiri ndi pamene diso lakunja silikusowa, lomwe limatchedwanso kutiaa. Ndipo pakhoza kukhala kusowa kwa kutsegula mu ngalande ya khutu.
Kudziwa
Ngakhale kuti ndi khutu lakunja limene lili ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino, mbali zina za khutu zimakhudzidwa. Mkati mwa khutu, makamaka khutu la khutu ndi khutu lakati, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofooka. Nthawi zina khutu la khutu silikula. Mwa anthuwa, palibe dzenje lowonekera lomwe limatsogolera ku eardrum ndi khutu la pakati. Zolakwika zoterezi zingayambitse kumva.
Anthu okhala ndi microtia (m'makutu onse awiri) ali ndi vuto losiyana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi microtia. Anthu omwe ali ndi microtia amamva mwachibadwa kumvetsera, koma omwe ali ndi microtia angakhale ogontha.
Konzani ndi Chithandizo
Cholinga chachikulu cha kubwezeretsa khutu lakunja ndikumveketsa kumva kuyambira pamene imamveka ndikuwatsogolera kumalo amtundu wopita kumalowera ndi makina akumva. Kulankhula kopititsa patsogolo kumathandizanso ndi kulankhula .
Zothandizira kumva zikufunikabe. Koma choonjezera, kusintha kwa maonekedwe ndi phindu lina lomwe lingalimbikitse kudzilemekeza ndi kulandira chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kumangidwanso kwa khola la khutu kumachitidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi.
Makutu amatha kukula kwambiri (85 peresenti) ali ndi zaka zinayi. Khutu likupitiriza kuwonjezeka m'lifupi kufikira zaka khumi. Komabe, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimachitika pamene kumangidwanso kumachedwa mpaka patatha zaka khumi. Zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimakhudza ngati kumanganso khutu kumakhala:
- Kupezeka kwa nthiti yokwanira yokhala ndi nthiti yokwanira kuti apange makutu a khutu. Zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zakubadwa za mwana ndi nthiti zambiri zedi kuti athe kupereka chophimba chokwanira chokwanira chophimba khutu.
- Kusokonekera maganizo chifukwa chokhala ndi makutu osadziwika kapena ayi. Ntchito yomangidwanso ikuchitika pafupi ndi msinkhu wa sukulu pofuna kuchepetsa / kupewa kusokonezeka ndi anzako.
Khutu lakunja likhoza kumangidwanso ndi zipangizo zopangidwa ndi munthu kapena ku nthiti. Pali ubwino ndi zovuta pazomwe mungasankhe. Tiyeni tikambirane izi:
Zida Zokwanira
Zina mwa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokonzanso kachidutswa ka microtia ndizoti palibe nkhani, monga zipsera ndi ululu, kuyambira kukolola nthiti. Zingatheke mwa njira imodzi ndipo zotsatira zake ndizooneka zodzikongoletsera.
Zowononga kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi ndikuti khutu limakhala ndi vuto laling'ono komanso matenda komanso kuti mwina thupi limakana khutu latsopano chifukwa cha zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mbalame ya Cartilage
Kukolola ku nthiti ya nthiti, zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndizomwe zimakhala zowawa komanso chilonda chokhudzana ndi kupeza mfundo. Ndiponso, pali opaleshoni yoposa imodzi.
Komabe, iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsalira komanso, chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za munthu, palibe kuthekera kwa thupi kukana khutu.
Prosthetics
Pakakhala kuti palibe khungu lokwanira kuti liphimbe kapena kupanga chida cha khungu chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kuyaka, kutentha kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zotero, khutu la prosthetic lingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Khutu la prosthetic liri ndi ubwino wake komanso zolephera.
Ngakhale khutu la prosthetic lingayang'ane kwambiri ngati khutu lenileni, khalidwe la chipangizo chimadalira luso la wopanga komanso luso lapakono. Komanso, khutu la prosthetic lingakhale lopanda mtengo kwambiri. Kodi chipangizochi chimatenga nthawi yaitali bwanji kumadalira chisamaliro chomwe mwiniwakeyo amachitira.
Pa hafu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timakhala ndi khutu zokwanira zomwe zingamangidwenso kuti tipange kapena kubwezeretsa kumva.
Zovuta Zomwe Zingatheke
Mofanana ndi njira iliyonse yopaleshoni, pali mavuto omwe angakhalepo pokhudzana ndi kukonzanso khutu. Matendawa amatha kuyanjana ndi makina opangira mankhwala. Hematoma , mwinamwake kudziwika kuti kusonkhanitsa mwazi, ikhoza kusokoneza chikhazikitso cha cartilage.
Kutaya khungu m'makutu kumalinso kotheka. Kuwonjezera pamenepa, pamakhala nthiti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, mapapo a m'mapapo, mitsempha ya mchifuwa, komanso kuperewera kosaoneka kungatheke. Ndipo zovuta zokhudzana ndi chimango zingapangitse kuti ayeneranso kuchita zomwezo.
Zotsatira:
Kulekanitsa Kufooka kwa Kubadwa ndi Kulemala Kwakukula, Nkhumba Zachibadwidwe, Zolepheretsa Kubadwa: Zoona Zokhudza Anotia / Mirotia. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda.
LeBlanc DM. Microtia. Mu: Janis YES, ed. Zofunikira za Surgery Pulasitiki. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.
Thorne CH. Khutu lakunja. Mu: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Chithandizo Chamakono mu Opaleshoni Yapulasitiki, 1st Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.
Thorne CH. Otoplasty ndi Ear Kumangidwanso. Mu: Thorne CH, Beasely RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear S, eds. Grabb ndi Smith's Plastic Surgery, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, wa 2007.