Kuwona khungu, kapena kuperewera kwa masomphenya, kumatanthawuza kulephera kwa munthu kuti azindikire molondola mitundu ina. Mavuto a masomphenya amtundu amachokera pakulephera kuona zithunzi zosiyana siyana kuti asayang'ane mitundu yonse. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwa kuti kukhala akhungu ndizoona dziko lapansi liri lakuda ndi loyera , koma khungu loyera ndilosawerengeka.
Munthu wakhungu wamakono amakhala ndi mavuto kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yofiira ndi yobiriwira, ndikuwanyamulira mtundu womwewo. Mtundu wosachepera wa mtundu wa mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu ya buluu ndi yachikasu.
Zimayambitsa
Kupunduka khungu kumachitika ndi maselo a retina omwe amachititsa molakwika mitundu. Maselo apadera, omwe amachititsa masomphenya a mtundu, sangathe kutumiza zizindikiro zolondola ku ubongo. Makamaka khungu limakhala lobadwa. Pafupifupi asanu ndi atatu a amuna ndi azimayi peresenti ya amayi ali ndi masomphenya a mtundu. Amuna ena amavutika ndi matendawa kuposa akazi.
Nthaŵi zina, matenda ena a maso amachititsa khungu la mtundu, lomwe limatchedwa "utsi wa khungu." Kukalamba kungayambitsenso matendawa; monga mandala amdima ndi zaka, anthu okalamba angavutike kusiyanitsa mitundu.
Zizindikiro
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha khungu la mtundu ndizovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa wofiira ndi wobiriwira kapena wabuluu ndi wachikasu.
Nthawi zambiri makolo amakayikira kuti akhungu amatha kuona mitundu. Ana omwe ali ndi mavuto kusukulu amayenera kuyesedwa khungu la mitundu, monga zipangizo zambiri zophunzirira zimadalira kwambiri ophunzira kuti athe kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu.
Kudziwa
Chiyeso chodziwika kwambiri choti munthu azindikire khungu la mtundu ndi chiyeso cha Ishihara.
Mayeso ofulumira komanso ophwekawa ali ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi madontho achikuda. Zina mwazithunzizi ndizithunzi, kawirikawiri nambala, yopangidwa ndi madontho a mtundu wosiyana. Munthu yemwe ali ndi masomphenya achilendo adzatha kuona nambala, koma munthu wakhungu adzawona nambala yosiyana kapena nambala ayi.
Chiyeso china chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muzindikire khungu la mtundu chimatchedwa kuyesedwa koyenera, kumene wodwala akufunsidwa kuti akonze gulu la mabala achikuda mwa dongosolo linalake.
Chithandizo
Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala okhudza khungu la mtundu. Anthu omwe ali ndi zofooka zamasewera, komabe, phunzirani njira zothetsera vutoli. Odwala nthawi zambiri amadziphunzitsa okha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yosiyana siyana.
Madokotala ena amapereka makina opangira makina , malinga ndi kukula kwake kwa masomphenya. Komanso, mapulogalamu a pakompyuta apangidwa kuti athandize anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la masomphenya.
Chitsime:
Mgwirizanowu wa America, Osoweka Magazi. 17 Jul 2007.