Kuyambira zaka makumi angapo zoyambirira zazaka za zana la 21li, kugwiritsa ntchito chamba cogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala kwafufuzidwa kwambiri ndikuzindikiritsidwa kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera ndi mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala.
Thandizo la madokotala ndi odwala omwe apeza chipatala chachipatala kuti athe kuthandizira zizindikiro zazimenezi zachititsa kuti ziwalo zina zilolere kugwiritsa ntchito chamba chamankhwala pansi pa lamulo la dokotala wa chikhalidwe chodziwika.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chamba, zomwe zimapanga kupereka mankhwala ofanana popanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zikupangidwanso ndipo nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chamba cha mankhwala. Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya mankhwalawa ndi Marinol.
Kodi Mungatani?
Zisonyezo zosiyana zoposa 200 kapena ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo zapezeka. Izi zingawonongeke m'magulu akuluakulu otsatirawa:
- Zosakaniza ndi zowononga zokondweretsa
- Anti-spasmodic ndi anti-convulsant
- Analgesic (kupweteka kwapweteka)
- Anti-inflammatory and immune system modulator
- Anxiolytic (nkhawa relief) ndi anti-depressant kwa matenda a maganizo
- Kuwononga kuchepetsa m'malo mwa mowa, opiates ndi mankhwala ena owopsa
- Zosiyanasiyana monga glaucoma ndi mphumu.
Ngakhale kuli kofunika kuzindikira kuti FDA sinavomereze chamba cogwiritsira ntchito chisonyezero chilichonse cha mankhwala, zenizeni zomwe mankhwala osuta angapangidwe kuti aziphatikizapo, koma sali ochepa kwa:
- Kupweteka kosautsa
- Nausea (kuphatikizapo kunyoza komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chemotherapy)
- HIV
- Multiple sclerosis
- Glaucoma
- IBS
Zotsatira Zovulaza
Zotsatira zambiri zowononga za chamba cha mankhwala zakhala zikudziwika. Izi zimaphatikizapo mavuto a mtima omwe amayamba ndi chibwibwi monga kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, mavuto pamene akuyamwitsa pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, ndipo zingatheke kuti asokoneze chamba.
Ngakhale kuti zoopsa za mbuta zachipatala sizikuwoneka ngati zapamwamba, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima angakhudzidwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtima wamtima-tachycardia-chifukwa cha chiwerewere chaukondwe, ndipo ayenera kupeŵa chamba kapena kugwiritsira ntchito pokhapokha atakambirana za ngozi ndi phindu lawo kulongosola dokotala.
Nyamakazi nthawi zina imayambitsa kukomoka pamene ogwiritsa ntchito akuimirira mwadzidzidzi, chikhalidwe chotchedwa postural hypotension. Izi zimayambitsa ngozi, kugwa, komanso mwina kuvulazidwa koopsa. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayamba chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa magazi, choncho nkhawa iliyonse iyenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala wanu.
Mimba
Zotsatira za chamba pa nthawi ya mimba ndi zosakaniza, ndi ena akulengeza kuti akugwiritsa ntchito chamba chamankhwala monga chithandizo chamankhwala a m'mawa, ndi kafukufuku wina omwe amachititsa kuti mwanayo akule bwino. Kufufuza kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zotsatira za kusuta chamba kwa ana pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko kumasonyeza kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chachikulu cha kubereka ndi kubereka kochepa.
Komabe, maphunzirowa, kuphatikizapo omwe akuwonetsa zotsatira za kusuta chamba pambuyo pa chitukuko, akusowa kapena kusokonezeka ndi mfundo yakuti amayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba amakhala ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimaika mwanayo pangozi , monga kusuta fodya.
Kwachidziwikire, madokotala akhala akudandaula za kusuta mbodya pa nthawi ya mimba. Nyamayi imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo imadutsa mosavuta phokoso ndi mitsempha ya ubongo. Choncho, ngati mayi akugwiritsa ntchito chamba, akhoza kuwonjezeka m'magulu ndi ubongo wa mwanayo. Zimatha kusokoneza magalimoto, kukumbukira, ndi ntchito zina za ubongo.
Pali chiopsezo chochulukirapo chokhala ndi chilema-kubala kwakukulu kumene mwana amabadwira popanda mbali za ubongo ndi tsaga-pamene mwanayo amatha kusuta chamba m'mwezi woyamba wa pakati, patatha masabata 1 mpaka 4 atatenga pakati.
Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti chamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, chikhoza kuwonetsa kukula kwa ubongo, komanso ziwalo zomwe zimagwira ntchito kumvetsetsa komanso kumagwira ntchito.
Izi zingachititse kuti mukhale olephera kuyendetsa bwino: kusokonezeka, kunjenjemera, ndi kusazolowereka; zovuta ndi lamulo lodzutsa ndi boma; ndi kugona zovuta.
Nkhani Zopambana
Kafukufuku wochulukirapo adalemba zolakwika za ana omwe ali achikulire, achinyamata, ndi achikulire omwe adayamba kusuta chamba. Maphunzirowa ndi ofanana ndi zotsatira za matenda a khansa kumatenda omwe akukula omwe amayamba kukula.
Ana omwe adayamba kusuta chamba ndipo amatsata nthawi yambiri akupeza kuti ali ndi vuto losagwirizana. Ali ndi zaka 6, chiwonetsero chokhala ndi chibwibwi chisanafike chimalumikizana ndi kuchepetsa malingaliro ndi kuchepa kwa mawu ambiri, kukumbukira kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, ndi kuchuluka kwa nzeru zamakono. Panthawi yomwe anali ndi zaka 10, zotsatira zovulaza za kusuta kwa chamba zinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukumbukira kapangidwe ka zinthu ndi kuunika kwa kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira, ndipo ana omwe ali poyera anali ndi mayeso ochepa omwe amapindula pa sukulu.
Iwo amakhalanso owonjezeka kwambiri, okhudzidwa, komanso osayenerera komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zizindikiro zachisoni za mwana. Zizindikiro izi zinaneneratu kuti ziphuphu zidzatha pazaka 14 ndipo chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha mavuto ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri pophunzira ndi kuyendetsa khalidwe. Achinyamata achikulire amene anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito mosuta chamba adapeza kuti asintha ntchito yachisudzo yomwe inakhudza kukumbukira kanthawi kochepa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kufufuza kumeneku kuli kovuta ndi chizoloŵezi cha ana a amayi omwe amagwiritsira ntchito chamba pa nthawi ya mimba kuti awonetsere zinthu zina, zopanikizika, ndi mavuto ena. Komabe, mpaka kafukufuku wowonjezereka alipo, chamba ndibwino kwambiri kupeŵa panthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa.
Zochitika Zotheka
Mankhwala amatsenga ambiri akhala akudziwika, kuphatikizapo kugunda kwa mtima, kufooka, kugwedeza, kupweteka, ndi kupweteka mutu. Zovuta zowonongeka sizikuwonekera nthawi zonse poyamba, koma zimatha kupitilira patapita nthawi ngati munthuyo akupezeka ndi chamba. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke, chiwopsezo chenicheni cha chamba chikhoza kuchitika, ndipo chimachokera ku ziphuphu ndi kunyoza komwe kumadzaza anaphylaxis. Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mukuganiza kuti zingakhale zokhudzana ndi zowononga , musiye kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukambirana ndi dokotala wanu.
Kodi Marinol N'chiyani?
Marinol ndi mtundu wa chamba. Ndimapangidwe ka chigawo cha delta-9-THC, chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe mu chomera chachangu. Marinol amalembedwa ngati chilakolako chokhudziritsa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zowonongeka, kukhutuka ndi kusanza, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga Edzi ndi khansa, komanso mankhwalawa.
Chimanga chogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala chimatsutsana chifukwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa zaka zambiri. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, Marinol amangolembera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, komanso omwe sanayankhe mwatcheru mankhwala ena pa zizindikiro zawo.
Zotsatira za marinol ndi zotsatira zoyipa
Anthu amene amatenga Marinol angawononge zotsatira zosangalatsa za chizoloŵezi chosuta, kuphatikizapo kusangalala komanso kusangalala.
Marinol akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zovuta, kuphatikizapo paranoia ndi malingaliro achilendo, kupwetekedwa m'mimba, ndi kugona.
Kodi Marijuana Zamankhwala Ndi Njira Yina Yothetsera Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo?
Mawu akuti "kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo" ndi "kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo" amatsutsa ndipo amatanthauza munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa sikukugwirizana ndi akatswiri. Komabe, funso ngati kafukufuku wamakono wamakono akugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe akufunira imabweretsa zotsatira zochititsa chidwi.
Kafukufuku amene anachitika mu 2017 anasonyeza kuti ogwiritsira ntchito marijuana omwe si odwala matenda a chamba amanena kuti kusuta chamba kunachotsedwa kwa madokotala. Ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osutawa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kuposa omwe amauzidwa kuti asuta. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ogwiritsira ntchito zosangalatsa akuyang'ana magwero osayenerera, opotozedwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mwa mankhwala amisewu mumsewu, kuwonjezera chamba cha mankhwala ku mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe akulamuliridwa kuti azisangalala.
Komabe, omwe akuyenera kusuta chamba amatha kupindula kwambiri ndi mwayi wa chamba. Kafukufuku womwewo anawonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito omwe sali odwala matenda a chamba, odwala akuluakulu am'chipatala amagwiritsa ntchito chamba kwambiri, ndipo mavitamini amatha kusuta chamba, monga mafuta, dab, ndi sera, makamaka.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe sapeza mankhwalawa kudzera m'magulu a zachipatala amadzipangitsa kuti asamadwale mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi chamba ndi mankhwala ena osaloledwa. Ndipo kafukufuku wina wa opereka chithandizo chaumoyo ku Washington, komwe chamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala ndi zosangalatsa, amasonyeza kuti ambiri a iwo sakhala okonzeka kuyamika chamba cha mankhwala.
Choncho ngakhale kuti njira ya chamba yamankhwala imaoneka kuti ikupindulitsa ena, pali mavuto omwe sakufika kwa omwe angapindule, ndipo akhoza kuwonjezeka kupeza mwayi wa mankhwala osuta chifukwa chachabechabe.
> Zotsatira:
> Carlini, B., Garrett, S., & Carter, G. Medicinal Cannabis: A Survey Among Health Care Providers ku Washington State. American Journal of Hospice ndi Medicine Palliative, 34: 85 - 91. 2015. do: 10.1177 / 1049909115604669
> Chakudya, I. Malamulo a chamba ndi mimba: Zotsatira za ndondomeko ya thanzi labwino. Journal American Obstetrics and Gynecology , 216, 27-30. 2017.
> Gieringer, D., Rosenthal, E., & Carter, G. Marijuana Buku Lopanga Mankhwala: Malangizo Othandiza Omwe Amagwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala a Marijuana. Mwamsanga Zakale za Amerika. 2008.
> Lankenau, S., Fedorova, E., Reed, M., Schrager, S., Iverson, E., Wong, C. Marijuana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala achikulire omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi Kumwa Mowa Mowa , 170, 181-188. 2017.