Makina atsopano ndi Achikale Ofanana - Amayi Amng'ono Amapindula Ambiri
Makina ojambulidwa ndi digito amagwiritsa ntchito makina ndi ma x-ray kuti asinthe mawere anu, koma mmalo mojambula chithunzi pa filimu monga ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, chithunzicho chimatengedwa ku kompyuta ngati fayilo yajambula. Amatchedwanso kuti "digital-mammogram" (FFDM), tepiyiyi ikuyerekeza bwino ndi filimu yamamography ndipo idzapindulitsa atsikana ambiri makamaka.
Ubwino wa Zithunzi Zojambulajambula
Mafilimu am'manja amatha msanga kusiyana ndi mafilimu, chifukwa palibe filimu yomwe ingakhazikitsidwe. Chithunzicho chikhoza kutumizidwa mwamsanga kwa radiologist kuti ayang'ane. Ngati chithunzicho sichikudziwika, mudzauzidwa za izo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chithunzichi chikhoza kubwezedwa. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kupwetekedwa kwa mamemogram, komanso nkhawa kwa odwala. Nyuzipepala ya National Cancer Institute inachita kafukufuku woyerekezera filimu ndi digito yamagetsi, ndipo inatsimikizira kuti digito ya digito ndi yolondola kwambiri kusiyana ndi filimu yomwe imapeza khansara kwa amayi osakwana zaka 50, komanso amayi omwe ali ndi minofu yochuluka (osati mafuta). Digital mammography amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepa kwambiri kuposa filimu yamakono yopanga filimu, kuchepetsa moyo wanu wonse ku x-ray.
Kuchita Zambiri ndi Zithunzi Zamagetsi Zojambulajambula
Pomwe mafano anu a mammogram ali mu kompyutala, radiologist yanu imatha kuwayang'ana pazowonongeka, monga momwe mungayang'anire zithunzi zadijito. Pa kompyuta, katswiri wanu wa zamagetsi amakhoza kufufuza mosamala zithunzizo polowera, kusintha maonekedwe a chithunzi, kapena kusintha kusiyana, kupanga mbali zonse za m'mawere mosavuta.
Ngati dokotala akufuna kufunsa katswiri wa m'mawere za mammograms, mafayilo ajambula a digito angathe kutumizidwa ku mawebusaiti ena kuti akafufuze (telemammography). Kuzindikira ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa makompyuta (CAD) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazithunzi zojambulajambula kuti dokotala adziwe bwinobwino zithunzi zonse, ndipo afotokoze malo omwe amafunika kuphunzira mozama.
CAD ikhoza kupeza matenda omwe katswiri wa zamagetsi sangathe kuwona. Kamodzi kafukufuku wa CAD atachitika, katswiri wa zamagetsi adzachita kafukufuku wa malowa, ndipo chifukwa cha maphunziro ndi chidziwitso, adziwe momwe masewerawo angakhalire.
Stereo Digital Mammography Imapanga Zithunzi Zitatu
Pa kafukufukuyu, ziwalo za digito za stereo zikuchitidwa m'mayesero a zachipatala kwa amayi omwe anabwezeretsedwa pambuyo pa chizoloŵezi chosazolowereka cha mamimba. Mamimba a digito ya stereo imaphatikizapo ma diti awiri a digito ma x-ray omwe amachokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amapanga chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha maonekedwe ake. Zithunzi zotere za stereo ziyenera kuwonetsedwa pa ntchito yapadera yothandizira ndi radiologist ophunzitsidwa bwino. Phunzirolo linawatsogoleredwa ndi Dr. David J. Getty wa BBN Technologies wa Cambridge, Mass, ndipo adafotokozedwa ku Radiological Society of North America mu November 2007. "Phunziro lathu, stereo digital mammography inachepetsa chinyengo ndi 49 peresenti," adatero Dr. Getty. "Izi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zowonjezereka mwa kudula pakati pa chiwerengero cha akazi amene akumbukiridwa mosayembekezereka chifukwa cha ntchito zowonjezereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zambiri komanso nkhawa zawo zitheke."
Chiwerengero cha Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening
Bungwe la American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN) linagwirizana ndi National Cancer Institute mu 2001 kuti apange kafukufuku woyerekeza filimu ndi digito mammography.
Phunzirolo linkatchedwa Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST). Phunziroli linalembetsa ophunzira 49,500, onse omwe analandira mafilimu ndi ma digito ndi maphunziro otsata. Ndiye kodi matekinolojewa akufanizira bwanji?
- Mafilimu ndi ma digito a digito ali ndi kulongosola kofananako kwa anthu ambiri
- Mitengo ya zonyenga (kuganiza kosayenera kwa khansa) zinali zofanana pa njira ziwirizo
- Zipangizo zamakono zonsezi ndi 92% molondola poletsa khansa ya m'mawere
Azimayi ena amapindula kwambiri kuposa ena, ndipo amakumana ndi izi mwazofunikira:
- Wachisinkhu wa zaka 50, mosasamala kanthu za chifuwa cha m'mawere
- Ukalamba uliwonse, wokhala wolimba kwambiri, kapena minofu yambiri yamphongo (mafuta ochepa kwambiri)
- Azimayi aang'ono kapena aang'ono, mosasamala za msinkhu wawo
Kuyerekeza Mtengo ndi Kupezeka
Mafilimu ambiri amapezeka, ndipo amapezeka ndi inshuwalansi yambiri yaumoyo. Digital mammography yayamba kale kupezeka m'mizinda ikuluikulu yambiri ndi malo apafupi, koma sangapezeke kulikonse. Machitidwe opangidwa ndi digitale a Digital amawononga pafupifupi 1.5 mpaka 4 kuposa mafilimu. Makampani angapo osiyana amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi digito a digito omwe apatsidwa chivomerezo cha FDA.
Uthenga Wotengera Pamalo Opanga Mamembala
Nyama yamakono ya filimu yakhala ikuchitidwa kwa zaka 35, ndipo izi zapambana kwambiri. Muyenera kukhala ndi mamemogram anu pachaka pa nthawi, kaya mulibe zipangizo zamakono kapena ayi. Kuthamanga mammogram kumataya kulingalira kwa chaka ndi zotsatira zanu zakale. Ngati mwakhala ndi mafilimu omwe mumakhala nawo kawirikawiri pa filimuyi, simukusowa kupeza digito ya digito yomwe inachitiranso - ngati digito ya digito ikupezeka m'chaka chotsatira, idzafanizidwa ndi phunziro lanu la mafilimu. Ngati muli ndi zaka zopitirira makumi asanu ndi awiri (50), mzimayi wam'mawa, kapena muli ndi minofu yambiri yamphongo, mumapindula ndi digito mammography, ndipo muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito ngati muli nayo.
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Khansa ya m'mimba: Kuzindikira koyambirira - Kufunika kopeza Khansa ya m'mimba Poyamba. Dongosolo lonse la Mammograms (FFDM). Zosinthidwa: 09/17/2007.
National Cancer Institute. Zojambulajambula ndi Mafilimu Achimake M'mafilimu a Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST): Mafunso ndi Mayankho. Yatumizidwa: 09/16/2005.
RSNA 2007. Kutsimikiziridwa kosavuta kwa Kuzindikira kwa Lesion mu Khansara Yamatenda Kuwunika ndi Zojambulajambula Zojambulajambula Zojambulajambula. Yofotokozedwa ndi David Getty, Ph.D.