Miyala ya Gland ya Salivary
Sialolithiasis ndilo mankhwala a miyala ya salivary. Mwalawu, kapena calculi, umakhala ndi kashiamu, koma umakhala ndi magnesium, potassium, ndi ammonium. Pakamwa panu muli ndi zilonda zitatu zokha zomwe zingapangitse miyala: parotid, submandibular, zilembo zazing'ono, ndi zochepa zazing'ono. Chifukwa chokhala wamkulu, wotalika, komanso kukhala ndi pang'onopang'ono, mwapang'onopang'ono mumakhala ndi mwala wamtengo wapatali m'kamwa lanu la submandibular.
Ana safuna kukhala ndi siololithiasis, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa zaka za pakati pa 30 ndi 60. Ambiri mwa miyala amangochitika pokhapokha, koma n'zotheka kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a miyala nthawi imodzi. Miyala ya submandibular imakhala ndi 80 mpaka 92 peresenti ya sialolithiasis yonse, pamene miyala ya parotid imapereka mavoti ambiri pa 6 mpaka 20 peresenti. Zilonda zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kukula kwa mwala.
Ntchito ya Saliva
Madzi amakhala ndi madzi koma amakhalanso ndi electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, mankhwala ofunika kwambiri a antibacterial, ndi michere ya m'mimba. Matenda a antibacterial a sikali amateteza:
- matenda opatsirana
- wodwala pakamwa
- matenda a chingamu
- kuvunda kwa dzino
Mavitamini a m'mimba mumatumbo amayamba kudya chakudya chanu musanawameze ndipo mataya amamasulidwa poyankha fungo ndi kulawa chakudya.
Ntchito zina za mthunzi zimaphatikizapo kutithandiza kumeza ndi kuyankhula.
Saliva amapangidwa ndi zilonda zingapo zomwe zimakhala mkamwa ndi mmero. Matenda akuluakulu amtunduwu amanyamula phula kudzera m'machubu ing'onoing'ono yotchedwa salivary ducts yomwe pamapeto pake imamasula malowa m'kamwa mwanu, makamaka pansi pa lilime lanu ndi pansi pakamwa panu.
Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zilonda zapamwamba zimatchedwa parotid, submandibular, ndi zilembo zazing'ono.
Kuphatikizana ndi mitsempha yayikulu yamagulu, pali madontho ang'onozing'ono ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatchedwa zilonda zazing'ono, zomwe zimapezeka pamilomo, pamasaya, ndi m'kati mwake.
Zifukwa za Sialolithiasis
Mavuto monga kuchepa kwa madzi omwe amachititsa kuchepa, kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi mumatumbowa amachititsa kuti calcium ndi phosphate mu phula zikhale mwala. Ma miyala nthawi zambiri amapanga mphalala ndipo amatha kulepheretsa njira zonsezi kuti zisawonongeke. Mukhoza kukhala ndi siololithiasis ngakhale mutakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo chifukwa chake sichikhoza kutchulidwa nthawi zonse. Komabe, zifukwa zomwe zingayambitse mitsempha yambiri ndi sialolithiasis yotsatira ndi izi:
- kutaya madzi
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mkamwa wouma (diuretics ndi anticholinergics)
- Sjorgen's syndrome , lupus, ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chiteteze magalasi a saliva
- mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito pakamwa
- gout
- Kusuta
- kusokonezeka
Mwala wawung'ono womwe sungalepheretse kutuluka kwa saliva ukhoza kuchitika ndipo sungapangitse zizindikiro. Komabe, pamene kutuluka kwa mitsempha kumatsekedwa kwathunthu kungayambitse matendawa.
Zizindikiro za Sialolithiasis
Zizindikiro zimachitika mukamayesa kudya (kuyambira pamene pamatuluka matayala) ndipo akhoza kugonjera mkati mwa maola angapo mutatha kudya kapena kuyesa kudya. Izi ndizofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu popeza zingathandize kusiyanitsa zitsulo zosiyana siyana. Zizindikiro za sialolithiasis zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kutupa kwa magalasi omwe amathyoka omwe amapezeka ndi zakudya
- zovuta kutsegula pakamwa
- zovuta kumeza
- mtanda wopweteka pansi pa lilime
- malonda kapena zosakoma zosamalidwa
- Mlomo wouma
- ululu ndi kutupa kawirikawiri kumayendayenda khutu kapena pansi pa nsagwada
Matenda akuluakulu a saliva amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu kuphatikizapo malungo, kutopa, komanso nthawi zina kutukumuka, kupweteka, ndi kufiira pamtunda.
Kuzindikira Sialolithiasis
Katswiri wa otolaryngologist , kapena ENT, ndi dokotala woyenerera kuti azindikire ndi kusamalira tizilomboti. Ngakhale madokotala azinthu zina zapamwamba angadziŵe kapena kuchiza vutoli. Dokotala wanu angaganizire mbiri yanu yachipatala ndikuyang'ana mutu ndi khosi lanu, kuphatikizapo mkati mwa pakamwa panu. Nthawi zina mwala umatha kuoneka ngati mtanda. Kalekale sialograph, kumene dzira imalowetsedwa mu njira yothandizidwa ndi x-ray, idagwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa zamakono za MRI kapena CT zomwe sizowonongeka.
Kuchiza kwa Sialolithiasis
Chithandizo cha sialolithiasis chimadalira kumene mwala uli komanso kukula kwake. Miyala yaying'ono ingathe kukankhidwira kunja kwa msewu ndipo mukhoza kuthandizira izi mwakumwa madzi ambiri, kapena kusisita ndi kutentha kutentha. Nthaŵi zina dokotala amatha kukankhira mwalawo kunja kwa njirayo ndikulowa m'kamwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinthu chophweka ndikufufuza mozama mderalo.
Mitsempha yayikulu yamagetsi ingakhale yovuta kuchotsa ndipo nthawizina imafuna opaleshoni. Nthaŵi zina bomba lochepa kwambiri lomwe limatchedwa endoscope lingalowetsedwe mumatope ngati mwala umawoneka ndi endoscope dokotala akhoza kuyika chida china chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mwalawo. Nthawi zina kuchotsedwa kwa mwala kumatha kupezeka ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kovuta, pamakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti chikho chonsecho ndi mwalawo zichotsedwe.
Ngati muli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, dokotala wanu angapereke mankhwala oletsa kumwa mankhwala. Musatenge antibayotiki popanda kumuwona dokotala.
Zotsatira:
American Academy of Otolaryngology - Mutu ndi Opaleshoni Yamakhwa. Zithunzi Zopsa. http://www.entnet.org/content/salivary-glands
Woleza mtima. co.uk. Miyala ya Gland ya Salivary (Callili Salivary). https://patient.info/health/salivary-gland-stones-salivary-calculi
Fazio, SB & Emerick, K. Salivary Gland Stones. Mu: UpToDate, Deschler, DG (Ed), UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc. http://www.uptodate.com