Mitundu yambiri ya khansa imakhala ndi ziwalo zosavuta zomwe zimayankhula kwa iwo. Kodi kwenikweni amatanthauzanji ndi chotupa? Zizindikiro zamagazi ndi zinthu zomwe zimawoneka m'magazi ambirimbiri kuposa momwe nthawi zambiri zimayendera. Zinthu zimenezi zimachokera ku mapulotini, amino acid, mahomoni, ndi mavitamini. Ngakhale kuti sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji kuti apeze kansalu okha, akhoza kusewera maudindo ambiri pa kufufuza ndi kuchiza khansa.
Khansa ya Testicular ili ndi 3 yogwiritsira ntchito katemera: AFP, hCG, ndi LDH. Zolemba zoterezi zimatha kapena sizingakwezedwe malingana ndi mtundu wa khansara ya testicular.
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Monga momwe dzina limasonyezera, AFP ndi mapuloteni omwe ali ndi udindo pa chitukuko cha mwana. Udindo wake kwa anthu akuluakulu ndi wosatsimikizika koma umapitirizabe kupezeka pazomwe zimaonekera. AFP ndi yofunikira mu khansara yowononga chifukwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za khansa ya testicular: seminoma woyera ndi nonseminoma. Mankhwalawa ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana ndi mankhwala, kotero ndizofunika kwambiri kuti mukhale nawo pamene mukuyang'anira khansa ya testicular. Pomalizira pake, chotupa chachikulu chotchedwa subtype chimatsimikiziridwa ndi wodwalayo yemwe amayesa maselo omwe ali pansi pa microscope mogwirizana ndi mayesero ena apadera. Komabe, AFP ikupitiriza kukhala yofunikira pa chifukwa chimodzi chachikulu: khansara ya tesinular testicular siimapangitsa AFP. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale matendawa amasonyeza khansa ya tesinular testicular ngati AFP ikukweza, si seminoma yoyera ndipo sangathe kuchitidwa. Ngati AFP ingapezeke, pali maselo a nonseminoma omwe amapezeka kwinakwake, ngakhale atakhala osadziwika ndi ndondomeko ya matendawa.
Gonadotropin ya Chorionic ya Anthu (hCG)
HCG ndiyodziwika bwino chifukwa cha udindo wawo m'kutenga mimba.
Kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi maselo mkati mwa placenta ndipo amauka panthawi ya mimba. Ndi mahomoni ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezetsa mimba, kuphatikizapo kuyesedwa kwa pathupi komanso kuyeza magazi komwe kumachitika ku ofesi ya dokotala. Maselo a khansa amatsitsimwenso amatha kupanga HCG ndipo amatha kuwona m'magulu awiri akuluakulu a khansara. HCG imadziwika kuti imatha kuchititsa kukula kwa minofu kukula kwa amuna omwe amadziwika kuti gynecomastia, omwe angakhale chizindikiro cha khansara.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
LDH ndizosavuta kwenikweni zokhudzana ndi zotupa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pali njira zambiri, kupatula khansara ya testicular, zomwe zingayambitse kuti zikwezeke. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a chiwindi ndi kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi amachititsa kuti zikhale zapamwamba. Ikhoza kukwezedwa m'magulu awiri onse a khansa ya testicular.
Ntchito ndi Kufunika
Zolemba zokhudzana ndi zotupa zimakhala zosiyana pa nthawi yonse ya matenda, matenda, ndi kutsata. Pofufuza, angathandize kusiyanitsa pakati pa masemma ndi nonseminoma testicular khancers . Ngati zizindikirozi zimakhalabe zowonjezereka pambuyo pochotsa opaleshoni ya khansa, ikhoza kusonyeza khansa yotsalira m'madera ena ndi chemotherapy, opaleshoni yowonjezera kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo, zizindikiro zowonongeka zowonjezera zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha kubwerera kwa khansa, makamaka mu khansa ya nonseminoma.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zizindikiro zosautsa ndizosafunika kwenikweni. Ayenera kuganiziridwa pamodzi ndi deta zina monga zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi masomphenya, monga CT scans. Zizindikiro zamagazi ziyenera kukhala zovuta kutanthauzira moyenera pazinthu zambiri. Izi ndizochitidwa bwino ndi akatswiri odziwa za oncology kuphatikizapo azachipatala oncologists, urologists, ndi radiation oncologists.