Mankhwalawa amachititsa ntchito yofunikira kwa thupi. Chakudya sichiri m'thupi limene thupi lingagwiritse ntchito mosavuta, choncho ndi njira yokhayokha yomwe imayenera kuidya. Kupyolera mu chimbudzi, thupi limapeza zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera ku zakudya ndikuchotsa chilichonse chimene sichifunikira. Izi ndizowona mwachidule zokhudzana ndi kugaya zakudya, koma mwachiwonekere pali zambiri zambiri zomwe zimalowa mkati zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zonsezi zizigwira ntchito.
Ndipo, mwatsoka, izi zikutanthauzanso kuti zinthu zikhoza kuyenda molakwika mosavuta. Zolinga za mutu uno, tikukambirana zachidwidwe chabwino chomwe sichimasinthidwa ndi opaleshoni, monga colectomy , gallbladder removal , kapena resection .
Kutalika kwa Mchitidwe Wokonda
Mankhwalawa amatha kutalika kwa munthu ndi munthu, koma akhoza kukhala kutalika kwa mamita 25 mpaka mamita ambiri mwa anthu ambiri, ndipo ena amakhala aakulu mamita pafupifupi 30. Mimbayi imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 9 mpaka 10 m'litali, matumbo aang'ono amakhala pafupifupi mamita 23, ndipo matumbo aakulu amakhala pafupifupi mamita asanu, pafupifupi.
Zimatenga Nthawi Yambiri Kuti Zakudya Zidye
Nthawi yomwe chimatengera kuti chakudya chimadye chimatha pang'ono kuchokera kwa munthu ndi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ndondomeko yonse imatenga pafupifupi maola 50 kwa anthu wathanzi, koma amatha kusiyana pakati pa 24 ndi 72, malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo. Pambuyo kutafuna chakudya ndi kumeza, imadutsa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kwa maola 4 kapena 7.
Nthawi yodutsa m'matumbo akulu ndi yaitali kwambiri, pafupifupi maola 40. Kwa amuna nthawi yambiri yokumba chakudya ndi yaifupi kwambiri kuposa yazimayi. Kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha m'mimba chomwe chimakhudza nthawi yachitsulo (nthawi yomwe imatenga chakudya kuti idutse m'thupi) imakhoza kufupikitsa kapena kuwonjezera nthawi.
Chifukwa Chakudya Chakudya N'kofunika
Timadya chifukwa tikusowa chakudya, koma chakudya chathu si thupi lathu lomwe lingathe kulowa mosavuta m'maselo athu. Ndi chimbudzi chomwe chimadya chakudya cham'mawa ndikuchiphwanya. Mukagwidwa ndi ziwalo, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi thupi. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu mankhwala, ndipo zimayamba pakamwa ndi phula. Pamene zigawo za chakudya zimatulutsidwa, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo a thupi lathu kutulutsa mphamvu, kupanga maselo ofiira aumagazi, kumanga fupa, ndi kuchita zina zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti thupi lizipita. Popanda kuperekera kwa thupi, thupi silingathe kudzisamalira.
Kuchokera M'kamwa Kupita ku Anus
Ndondomeko yamagetsi ndi imodzi ya chubu yomwe imatuluka pakamwa panu kupita ku anus. Ndizovuta kwambiri kulingalira za njirayi, koma ndizo zomwe ziri. Tsopano, pali ma valve ndi zopotoza ndi kutembenukira panjira, koma potsiriza, chakudya chomwe chimalowa mkamwa mwako chimachokera mu anus yanu. Danga lopanda mkati mwa matumbo aang'ono ndi lalikulu lomwe chakudya chimadutsa mumatchedwa lumen . Chakudya chimayendetsedwa kudzera mu lumen mu dongosolo la kugaya ndi minofu yapadera, ndipo ndondomekoyo imatchedwa peristalsis.
Mukasaka chakudya ndikumeza, izi ndizo thupi lanu kuti chakudya chikudutsa paulendo wake kupita ku anus:
- Mlomo . Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kumayamba ndi kutafuna komanso kusakaniza chakudya ndi mpeni. Pamene chakudya chikufunidwa mokwanira, ife timachimeza mwakufuna. Pambuyo pake, ndondomeko ya kadyedwe ndi yosasamala.
- Esophagus . Chakudya chikamame, chimapita pansi pamimba ndipo imakhala ndi valavu yomwe imatchedwa sophageal sphincter mpaka m'mimba.
- Mimba . Mimba ndi pamene mphira imakumana ndi msewu mu chimbudzi. Pali zakudya zam'mimba m'mimba zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa chakudya ndi minofu kumeneko kusakaniza chakudya. Mimba ikagwira ntchito yake, pali valve yina yotchedwa pyloric valve, yomwe imalola kuti chakudya chichoke m'mimba ndi kulowa gawo loyamba la matumbo, omwe amatchedwa duodenum.
- Matumbo aang'ono . Pamene chakudya chifika pamtumbo waung'onong'onong'ono, chimasakanizidwa ndi timadzi timene timadya timadzi timene timayambitsa matendawa. The peristalsis mu minofu akadali kuntchito, kusunthira chirichonse kudutsa. Katumbu kakang'ono ndi komwe zakudya zambiri zimachokera ku chakudya. Matumbo a m'mimba amamwa mavitamini ndi mchere. Chilichonse chimene thupi silingathe kugwiritsira ntchito kapena sichikhoza kuphwa chimadutsa m'kati mwa katumbu kakang'ono, kupyolera mu valve ya ileocecal, ndikupita ku ulendo wake wotsatira m'matumbo akuluakulu.
- Matumbo aakulu . Matumbo akuluakulu samagaya kwambiri, koma ndi pamene madzi ambiri amachokera ku zowonongeka. Zipangizo zosawerengeka zimadutsamo, zomwe zingatenge tsiku kapena kuposerapo, kenaka nkulowa gawo lomaliza la colon, yomwe ndi rectum. Pomwe pali mpando wambiri, umapangitsa kuti munthu asatengeke, ndipo potsiriza zowonongeka zimatulutsidwa kupyolera mu anus monga chigoba.
Mawu Ochokera
Mmene thupi limagwirira ntchito limakhudza thupi lonse chifukwa thupi lonse limafuna chakudya kuti ligwire ntchito. Matenda ndi zikhalidwe za kapangidwe ka zakudya zimakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri kwa thupi lonse ngati zakudya sizikuyendetsedwa bwinobwino. Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta komanso ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, kwa anthu ambiri okhala ndi thanzi labwino, chakudya chimatenga maola 50 kuti apite.
> Chitsime:
Notghi A, Hutchinson R, Kumar D, Smith NB, Harding LK. "Njira yophweka yoyezera nthawi yachisawawa yamakono." Kutha . 1994 Jul; 35: 976-981.