Mphindi Yachidule kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Kuyang'ana mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda omwe amachiza

Mavairasi ali ndi mavitamini omwe amachititsa kuti maselo apange. Pa nthawi yobalana, mavairasi amawononga maselo ndikupitiriza kupha maselo ena.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, pamene akufufuza kuti athe kuchiza khansa, asayansi atulukira mankhwala omwe angapangitse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, HIV itatha kukhala vuto, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda adayambiranso.

Masiku ano, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri.

Pofuna kukhala oyenerera, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kutsata kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amayenera kukhala achindunji kuti asayambitse mankhwala owopsa. Kuwonjezera apo, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kukhala abwino komanso osasunthika.

Nazi zidule mwachidule za mankhwala ena oletsa kachilomboka.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a herpes simplex (HSV) ndi varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Mankhwala atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira herpes simplex (herpes) ndi varicella zoster mavairasi ndi acyclovir, valacyclovir, ndi famciclovir. Varicella zoster HIV imayambitsa nkhuku poyambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi shingles (herpes zoster).

Mankhwala atatu onsewa ndi otetezeka komanso ali ndi njira zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, onse amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a DNA polymerase.

Zindikirani, chifukwa valacyclovir (Valtrex) ndi famciclovir amapita kuika magazi, mapiritsi awiriwa ndi othandiza kwambiri pochiza mabala.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (papillomavirus ya anthu)

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziwalo zogonana ndi awa:

• Ribavirin yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira kupatsirana kwa sycytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis kapena chibayo komanso fuluwenza (yochepa)

• (Topical) imiquimod

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza fuluwenza (chimfine)

Chifuwa chimayambitsa matenda a chimfine m'nyengo yozizira. Mwamwayi, tili ndi katemera omwe amachititsa chitetezo ku nyengo ya chimfine. Ndikofunika kupeza chaka chilichonse chimfine chifukwa chakuti chimfine chikhoza kukhala chibayo, ndipo nthawi zina chibayo chikhoza kupha - makamaka pakati pa ana ndi akuluakulu.

Mankhwala monga Tamiflu (oseltamivir) ndi zanamivir (Relenza) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza zizindikiro za chimfine ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa matenda. Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa matenda a chimfine kapena matenda, palinso mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, ndi zanamivir,

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Matenda a Cytomegalovirus amawoneka mwa anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri (kuganiza kuti imadziwika ndi AIDS kapena kuika thupi). Mofanana ndi varicella-zoster virus, yomwe imayambitsa herpes zoster (shingles), ambiri a ife timakhala ndi cytomegalovirus, koma kachilombo kamangoyambiranso ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chikutha.

Kwa iwo omwe ali kale odwala kwambiri, zizindikiro za matenda a cytomegalovirus zimakhudza magulu ambiri a ziwalo ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• retinitis
• matenda opatsirana
• colitis
• ubongo ndi msana (CNS) matenda
• pneumonitis

Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a cytomegalovirus ndiwo valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, ndi cidofovir. (Chifukwa cha kukula kwa bioavailability, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa valganciclovir kwasintha m'malo mwa ganciclovir.) Monga mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira cytomegalovirus m'magazi ena ndi mavairasi a tizilombo monga DNA ndi RNA polymerase.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a chiwindi

Mankhwala amtundu wina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira chiwindi cha mtundu wa B ndi hepatitis C. Zambiri mwa mankhwalawa zimakhudza kwambiri mavairasi kuphatikizapo:

• nucleoside ndi nucleotide analogs

• protease inhibitors
• polymerase inhibitors

Interferon, mwinamwake mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda a chiwindi, amagwira ntchito ndi njira zovuta zomwe zimaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuteteza thupi, komanso kuteteza thupi.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV

Zaka 3 zapitazi, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu pa chithandizo cha HIV, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa akukhalabe ndi Edzi. (Edzi ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa kachirombo ka HIV kamene kamapezeka pambuyo poti maselo oyera m'magazi amatsika moopsa.)

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV:

• protease inhibitors
• fusion inhibitors
• nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• osati nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
• kulowa mkati
• HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)

Mankhwala awa amayang'ana magawo osiyanasiyana a kubwereza kwa tizilombo. Zindikirani, ma retrovirous amapindula mwa kutanthauzira mosiyana.

Chonde dziwani kuti mndandandawu sungakhale wambiri, ndipo pali mankhwala ena ambiri omwe amachiza matenda opatsirana. Zomwe zili zofanana, njira zogwirira ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe zanenedwa pano. M'malo mwake, chonde dziwani kuti nkhaniyi ndi yoyamba pa mutuwu.

_{Zosankha Zosankhidwa}

_{Elston DM. Mutu 231. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ya Fitzpatrick mu General Medicine, 8e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2012. Idapezeka pa July 01, 2015.}

_{Safrin S. Antiviral Agents. Mu: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015 Idafika pa July 1, 2015.}