Kutaya maselo oyera a magazi kumakhudzana kwambiri ndi matenda
Lymphopenia (yemwenso amadziwika kuti lymphocytopenia) ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza boma limene mulibe mtundu wina wa magazi omwe amatchedwa lymphocyte. Lymphocytes ndi imodzi mwa mitundu itatu ya selo yoyera ya magazi (yotchedwa leukocytes) yomwe imapezeka m'magazi. Leukocytes amagwira ntchito monga mbali ya thupi lathu loyamba kutetezera chitetezo cha mthupi poyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi majeremusi.
Lymphopenia kawirikawiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda, kuphatikizapo chimfine, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachira yekha pamene kachilombo katha. Pamene vuto ndi idiopathic (lachidziwitso choyambirira), lingasonyeze kuti pali vuto lalikulu kwambiri.
Kumvetsa Lymphocytes ndi Lymphopenia
Maselo ambiri m'magazi athu ndi erythrocyte (maselo ofiira a m'magazi) omwe ali ndi udindo wotsogolera mpweya mu thupi lonse. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi thrombocytes (platelets) ndi leukocytes.
Ma leukocyte amapangidwa m'mafupa ndipo amafalitsa momasuka m'magazi monga mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi. Lymphocytes amaimira lalikulu kwambiri la maselowa, kuyambira paliponse pa 25 ndi 45 peresenti.
Ma Lymphocytes akhoza kupasulidwa kupyola mu magawo atatu:
- Mankhwala achilengedwe (NK) omwe amakhala ngati njira yoyamba yotetezera chitetezo cha mthupi
- T-maselo omwe amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- B-maselo omwe amachititsa ma antibodies omwe amathandiza maselo ena kuzindikira ndi kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Momwemonso, lymphopenia ikhoza kudziwika ndi mtundu wa ma lymphocyte. Mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka HIV kamangophatikiza ma CD4 T-maselo kuti asatenge kachilombo ka HIV. Kutayika kwa maselo a B kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala osokoneza thupi (monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ovomerezedwa ndi ziwalo) pamene NK kuchotsa nthawi zambiri ndizovuta.
Zifukwa za Lymphopenia
Lymphopenia ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera. Nthawi zina, vutoli lingakhudze ma lymphocytes. Kwa ena, zikhoza kukhala zotsatira za kutaya kwa maselo oyera.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chithandizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikuphatikizapo peginterferon ndi ribavirin, chingayambitse kuperewera kwa neutrophils (neutropenia) kapena lymphocyte (lymphopenia) mwa anthu ena. Kwa ena, izo zimakhudza mitundu yonse ya maselo oyera a magazi (leukopenia).
Lymphopenia imakhudzana kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mafupa, kuphatikizapo:
- Matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti thupi la fupa lisawonongeke
- Matenda osokonezeka omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta a fupa amatha kuchepa
- Khansa kapena matenda ena omwe amawononga mafupa
- Matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amawononga maselo oyera a m'magazi kapena maselo a m'mafupa
- Matenda opatsirana omwe amapha maselo oyera a magazi mofulumira kuposa momwe angapangidwire
- Mankhwala, monga antibiotics, omwe angathe kuwononga maselo oyera a magazi
Matenda kapena Zinthu Zokhudzana ndi Lymphopenia
Matenda ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi lymphopenia zikhoza kufotokozedwa mozama ngati kukhala tizilombo (zokhudzana ndi matenda), cytotoxic (toxic to cells), congenital (chifukwa cha majeremusi olakwika), kapena zakudya.
Zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi (malo osadziwika omwe thupi limasiya kupanga maselo a magazi)
- Chemotherapy
- HIV
- Hypersplenism (kuwonongeka msanga kwa maselo a magazi ndi nthata)
- Khansa ya m'magazi (mtundu wa khansa ya magazi)
- Lupus (matenda osokoneza bongo)
- Kusadya zakudya m'thupi komanso mavitamini ochepa
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (gulu la matenda lomwe limasokoneza kupanga maselo a magazi)
- Matenda a nyamakazi (vuto lina lokha ladzidzidzi)
- Kuchiza ma ARV
- Chifuwa chachikulu
Momwe Msirikali Wachizungu Woperewera Watiwerengera Ife
Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kumapezeka kawirikawiri pamene dokotala wanu akuyesa zovuta zomwe mukukumana nazo kale.
Kuwerengera kochepa ndi kawirikawiri kupeza kosadziwika.
Nthawi zina, mtundu wa maselo oyera a mthupi umakhudzidwa kuti ungakulowetseni kuchipatala. Panthawi zina, mungafunikire mayesero oonjezera kuti mugwirizane ndi chifukwa.
Kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi kumapangitsa malo omwe muli pangozi yaikulu ya matenda. Ngati izi zitachitika, mungafunikire kupewa zodzitetezera kuti muteteze matenda. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupeĊµa ena omwe angakhale akudwala, kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse ndi bwino, ngakhale kuvala mask nkhope ngati muli pamalo osungirako (monga ndege) ndi ena.
> Chitsime
- > Janeway, C .; Mizere, P .; Walport, M ;; et al. Immunobiology (5th ed.) New York ndi London: Garland Science; ISBN 0-8153-4102-6.
- > Regent, A .; Autran, B ;; Chokoma, G .; et al. "Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia: khalidwe lachipatala komanso laumunthu komanso odwala 40." Mankhwala. 2014; 93 (2): 61-72.