Mutha kutchulidwa kwa oyankhula, kapena zambiri zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti munthu wolankhula chinenero chamalankhula (SLP), chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana. A SLP ingathandize kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kulankhula, kumva, ndi kumeza. Mwapadera kwambiri SLP ikhoza kuthandizira kufufuza ndi kuchiza:
- Kusamala - kumangirira ndi kusokoneza
- Kulankhulana - kufotokoza
- Chilankhulo - kuthekera ndi kumvetsetsa kwa chinenero cholankhulidwa komanso cholembedwa
- Kuzindikira - kusamala, kukumbukira, kuthetsa mavuto
- Mawu - maonekedwe a mawu a mawu
- Kukonzekera kwa Auditory & Auditory - Njira zowonzetsera zokhudzana ndi kuyankhula, kumva ndi kumalankhula
- Kuthetsa matenda - matenda osokoneza bongo komanso odwala
- Mapulogalamu ena - othandizira ena adzadziwika bwino muzinthu zina kuphatikizapo: chitukuko cha liwu lachinsinsi, kusintha kwachilankhulo kapena mawu, kusintha kwa mawu, transgender voice, kusintha kwa bizinesi kusintha, ndi ukhondo wa mawu
Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa, mudzapeza zina mwa mankhwala omwe SLP ingagwiritse ntchito kuti athetse mavuto ena omwe amalankhula.
Thandizo Labwino kwa Oyankhula Ochedwa
Ngati mwana wanu kapena mwana wanu akuyenera kuyankhula ndi tsopano koma ayi, akhoza kutumizidwa kwa wolankhula. Wothandizira angayese zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti akulimbikitse mwana wanu kulankhula, kuphatikizapo kusewera naye. Nthawi zina, kuletsa chidole chimene mumaikonda mpaka mwana atakufunsani chimalimbikitsa ana ang'ono kuti ayankhule, koma izi zimadalira pazochitika.
Kwa ana ena, njira zina zoyankhulirana, monga chinenero cha manja kapena makadi ojambula zithunzi, zingayambitsidwe. Othandizira amalankhulo angathenso kutchula mwana wanu kuti apitirize kufufuza, monga kuyesa kumva ngati kuli kofunikira.
Thandizo la Ana Omwe Ali Ndi Apraxia
Ana omwe ali ndi apraxia amavutika kunena zida zina kapena kupanga zizindikiro zina.
Mwana wanu amadziwa zomwe akufuna kunena, koma sizikuwoneka bwino. Othandizira olankhula amatha kuyesa ana chifukwa cha apraxia pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero angapo monga:
- Kutsegula-pamoto kuyesa kuti muwone kufooka kwa minofu mu nsagwada, milomo kapena lirime
- Phokoso la kuwonetsera mawu pamene wothandizira amamvetsera kuona ngati angathe kudetsa nkhawa zinazake ndikugwiritsa ntchito phokoso ndi kupuma pamalo oyenera mu chiganizo
- Kuunika kwa mawu omveka bwino komwe kumapangitsanso kuti mwanayo akhoza kutulutsa mawu, kuphatikizapo ma vowels, consonants ndi kuphatikiza. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudziwa momwe ena amatha kumvetsetsa zolankhula za mwanayo
Ngati mwana wanu atapezeka kuti ali ndi apraxia, amafunika kuthandizidwa pafupipafupi kangapo pa sabata. Thandizoli likhoza kukhala lolimba kwambiri polankhula. Wothandizira ayesa kuthandiza mwana wanu kumvetsetsa ndemanga zowonongeka komanso maonekedwe kapena zojambula. Njira imodzi yomwe wodwalayo angachite izi ndikuti mwana wanu adziyang'anitse yekha pagalasi pamene akuyankhula, kapena alembe iwo akuyankhula ndikuwusewera. Ana ambiri amasangalala nazo. Popeza chithandizo chabwino cha apraxia chimaphatikizapo nthawi yochuluka ndi kudzipereka, wodwala wanu angakupatseni "ntchito" kuti muzichita ndi mwana wanu kunyumba.
Njira Yothetsera Kulankhula
Kudandaula ndi vuto lomwe nthawi zambiri limachitika panthaŵi ya ubwana koma limatha kukula pakakula. Kudandaula kawirikawiri kumakhala ngati vuto la khalidwe. Othandizira oyankhula amayesa kuphunzitsa mwana wanu amene akuyesa njira zothetsera khalidwe, zomwe zingathandizenso kuwongolera. Njira yowonjezereka yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mwana wanu ndiyo kuwaphunzitsa kulamulira mlingo wa kulankhula, chifukwa kulankhula mofulumira kungachititse kuti anthu ena asamavutike. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu pang'onopang'ono, momveka bwino kungakhale kothandiza. Zingakhale zothandiza kufufuza kupuma.
Ngakhale atatha kuchipatala, anthu omwe amatha kusinthasintha angafunike magawo okutsatirani ndi oyankhula awo kuti asabweretse vutoli.
Thandizo la Aphasia
Aphasia ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa kuyankhula chifukwa cha kuwononga kwa ubongo. Chikhalidwechi chingakhalenso zovuta kumvetsera, kuwerenga, ndi kulemba. Aphasia amachitika kwa anthu ambiri akuluakulu atatha kudwala sitiroko . Othandiza amalankhulidwe akuthandizira kwambiri kuti apeze afesiya pofufuza anthu omwe ali ndi luso lomvetsetsa ena, kudzifotokozera, komanso kumeza. Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe odwala amalankhulana kuti athe kuthandiza munthu amene ali ndi afesi, kuphatikizapo:
- zojambula zochepetsera luso lachinenero
- Kuthandizira gulu kuti likhale ndi luso loyankhulana
- manja ndi kulembera kuti aziwonjezera luso lawo loyankhulana
Njira Yothetsera Kulongosola Zovuta
Mwana wanu akhoza kukumana ndi vuto lakumeza kwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Wothandizira alankhulidwe angathandize mwana wanu kuti amalize vuto powathandiza iwo ndi machitidwe kuti amuthandize pakamwa, kuwonjezera kayendedwe ka lirime, ndi kusintha kusaka. Wothandizira malankhulidwe angaperekenso malingaliro okhudza chakudya chokhazikika. Kwa ana, wogwira ntchito amalankhulidwe angathandize pothandizira kayendedwe kake kamene kamayamwa.
Monga tanenera kale izi ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe odwala amalankhula. Pali zikhalidwe zambiri ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa omwe akusowa.
> Zotsatira:
> Aphasia. Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/Aphasia/. Inapezeka 12/29/2017
> Childhood Apraxia ya Kulankhula. Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildhoodApraxia/. Inapezeka 12/29/2017.
> Kudyetsa ndi Kulepheretsa Matenda (Dysphagia) mwa Ana. Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/swallowing/Feeding-and-Swallowing-Disorders-in-Children/ Kupezeka 12/29/2017.
> Kudandaula. Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/stuttering.htm. Inapezeka 12/29/2017.
> Kuchita Zochita mu Kulankhula-Chilankhulo cha Chilankhulo. Msonkhano Wachilankhulo wa American-Language-Hearing webusaiti. http://www.asha.org/policy/SP2016-00343/. Idasinthidwa 2016. Inapezeka 12/29/2017.