Aspirin, mankhwala opweteka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi mankhwala odana ndi kutupa, angathandize kuchepetsa ngozi ya zochitika za mtima, monga matenda a mtima ( myocardial infarction ) ndi stroke. Muyenera kuganizira mankhwala opatsirana ndi aspirin - koma pokhapokha ngati phindu limapindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo adokotala amavomereza kuti ndi chinthu chanzeru kuchita.
Kuthamanga kwa mtima ndi zilonda zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pamene magazi amawoneka mwadzidzidzi mwa mitsempha yomwe imapereka oxygen kumtima kapena ubongo.
Izi zimakhala zachilendo zamagazi zomwe zimachitika makamaka pamene chikwangwani chimatuluka pakhoma la mitsempha. Chovalacho chingalepheretse kutaya kwa magazi, komwe kumawononga mtima (matenda a mtima) kapena ubongo (stroke).
Aspirin ikhoza kulepheretsa mapangidwe amagazi oopsyawa mwa kusokoneza chigamulo cha mapulogalamu a magazi, motero chingathandize kupewa matenda a mtima ndi zilonda.
Komanso, m'zaka zingapo zapitazo, umboni wapezeka kuti mankhwala ochepa a aspirin omwe atha nthawi yayitali angathe kuchepetsa kufala kwa khansa. Kuphatikizidwa kwa kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa kumapangitsa aspirin yaing'ono kukhala njira yokongola yoteteza - ngati zotsatira zake zingapewe.
Zotsatira Zotsatira za Aspirin
Zomwe zingapindule ndi aspirin ziyenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse. Zotsatira zoyipa za aspirin zimakhala zokhumudwitsa komanso zimatuluka m'magazi - mphuno za m'mimba, m'mimba mwazi, komanso m'magazi ( zikwapu zamagazi) zimatha kuchitika.
Ngakhale kutaya magazi kumakhala kosazolowereka, zimachitika. Choncho aliyense amene ali ndi chiopsezo chochulukitsa magazi (monga mbiri ya zilonda zam'mimba kapena kupweteka kwa magazi) ayenera kuyesetsa kupewa aspirin.
Ntchito Zowonongeka Zowopsa Kwambiri
1) Aspirin ukhoza kukhala wopulumutsa moyo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi syndromes oopsa .
Aliyense amene akuganiza kuti ali ndi vuto la mtima ayenera kutenga 162 kapena 325 mg aspirin nthawi yomweyo (yomwe ndi theka kapena aspirin wamkulu wamkulu).
2) Aspirin imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa anthu omwe adayamba kupwetekedwa mtima, ali ndi angina , adalandira angioplasty kapena stents , kapena omwe ali ndi matupi opitirira opaleshoni . Mwa anthuwa, pakati pa 75 ndi 100 mg ya aspirin patsiku kungathandize kupewa matenda ena.
3) Aspirin imalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu ambiri (koma osati onse) omwe adakhala ndi zikwapu zamakono kapena masewera osakanikirana a ischemic (TIA, kapena "kugunda kwa mini"). Sitiroko zina zimayambika makamaka ndi magazi m'mphuno, m'malo mwa magazi m'mitsempha, ndipo aspirin sichivomerezeka ku mtundu wa stroke. Ngati mwadwala stroke kapena TIA, muyenera kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu ngati aspirin ikhoza kukuthandizani.
4) Tsiku lililonse aspirin (75 - 100 mg) ingathandize kupewa matenda a mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo choopsa cha matenda a mitsempha, koma omwe sanakhale ndi matenda a mtima kapena angina. Anthuwa, aspirin ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama ngati chiopsezo chokhala ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi ofunika kwambiri (zaka 10 zomwe zingawonongeke 6 - 10%), ndipo chiopsezo cha zotsatira zake chikhale chochepa (onani gawo kumbali Zotsatira, pansipa).
Kuwonjezera pa chiopsezo cha mtima wamtima, aspirin imathandiza kwambiri; ndipamene chiwopsezo chakumayambitsa magazi chimakhala chachikulu, pansipa phindu la aspirin.
Choncho, akuluakulu ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti, anthu omwe alibe matenda a mtima, komabe chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito aspirin chiyenera kukhala chokha. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati mulibe matenda a mtima koma mutha kuika chiopsezo, muyenera kukambirana ndi adokotala ngati aspirin ndi prophylactic.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Anthu Amene Ali ndi Matenda a Shuga
Odwala matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, angina kapena kupweteka ayenera kutenga aspirin monga osagwidwa ndi matenda a shuga amene ali ndi zochitika za mtima.
Ndipo mpaka posachedwapa, aspirin ya tsiku ndi tsiku inalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa ashuga ambiri omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 40, ngakhale kuti alibe mbiri ya matenda a mtima. Koma ndemanga iyi yasintha tsopano.
Malinga ndi chidziŵitso cha mayesero am'chipatala posachedwapa, American Diabetic Association, American Heart Association, ndi American College of Cardiology amalimbikitsa aspirin ya aspirin yochepa (75 - 162 mg / tsiku) okha kwa amuna odwala matenda a shuga oposa zaka 50, ndi shuga Azimayi opitirira zaka 60, omwe ali ndi vuto linalake la matenda a mtima (kuphatikizapo matenda a shuga), monga mbiri ya banja yokhudzana ndi matenda a mtima, kusuta fodya, kuwonjezeka kwa magazi lipids, kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Malangizowo ochiritsira odwala matenda a shuga akugwirizana ndi umboni watsopano wosonyeza kuti m'mimba mwa magazi ndi aspirin akhoza kukhala ofala kwambiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kusiyana ndi omwe sali odwala matenda a shuga.
Udindo mu kuchepetsa ngozi ya khansa
Zaka zaposachedwapa, kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti kumwa aspirin tsiku ndi tsiku (zaka zosachepera zisanu) kumagwirizanitsa ndi chiopsezo chochepa chofa chifukwa cha khansa, makamaka khansara ya colon ndi lymphoma. Zomwe angathe kupangira aspirin kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa zimayambitsa (zowonjezeranso) kuyambiranso zomwe zimaperekedwa pa mankhwala ochepetsa aspirin. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kudwala kwa mtima ndi khansa ya aspirin yochepa, mu 2012 a American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) adalimbikitsa kuti pafupifupi onse a zaka zoposa 50 ayenera kutenga aspirin yaing'ono - popanda chiopsezo chachikulu cha magazi.
Ngakhale udindo wa ACCP ukhoza kumangotengedwa ndi magulu ena a akatswiri, pakalipano ACCP ndiyo yokha yapadera yomwe yakhala ikulimbikitsidwa. Mabungwe ena apadera ndi magulu odziwika bwino (monga United States Preventive Services Task Force) akulimbikitsanso (chifukwa cha kuika magazi), ndipo amalimbikitsa odwala ndi madotolo awo kuti azisankha yekha ngati prophylactic aspirin ndilo lingaliro labwino.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Mu anthu abwino, aspirin ikhoza kuthandizira kwambiri kuteteza zoopsa za mtima monga matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa, ndipo zingachepetse chiopsezo cha kufa kwa mitundu ina ya khansa. Koma chifukwa cha zotsatira za aspirin, muyenera kutenga izo ngati zingapindulitse zoopsa zomwe zingakhalepo. Ili ndi nkhani yomwe muyenera kukambirana ndi adokotala anu.
Zotsatira:
Seshasai SRK, Wijesuriya S, Sivakumaran R, et al. Zotsatira za aspirin pa zotsatira zowopsa ndi zopanda chilengedwe: meta-kufufuza mayesero olamulidwa mosavuta. Arch Intern Med 2012; DOI: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2011.628.
Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, et al. Aspirin wothandiza kupewa matenda a mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga. Kuthamanga kwa 2010; DOI: 10.1161 / CIR.0b013e3181e3b133.
Hennekens, CH, Dyken, ML, Fuster, V. Aspirin ngati wothandizira mu matenda a mtima. Ndemanga ya akatswiri azaumoyo ochokera ku American Heart Association. Kuyendayenda 1997; 96: 2751.
Wolff T, Miller T, Ko S. Aspirin pofuna kupewa zochitika za mtima: zokambirana za bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 405.
Vandvik PO, Lincoff AM, Gore JM, et al. Kupewera kwapakati ndi kawiri kawiri kwa matenda a mtima: Antithrombotic Therapy ndi Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th: American College of Chest Physicians Malangizo Othandizira Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zipatala. Chifuwa cha 2012; 141: e637S.