Kumva dokotala wanu akulangiza mankhwala achimake a phlebotomy (omwe amadziwikanso ngati kutulutsa magazi kapena kutuluka magazi) akhoza kukudandaulirani. Mwina mungadzifunse kuti, "Kodi madokotala amachitanso zimenezo? Ndinaganiza kuti izo zinkamveka ngati zabodza." Mudzakhala wolondola pang'ono. Ngakhale lero pali nthawi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito phlebotomy monga chithandizo, tiyeni tiwone zomwe iwo akuwoneka ngati moyo weniweniwo.
Udindo wa Phlebotomy
Kupyolera muzaka zapitazi phlebotomy yasokonezeka chifukwa cha matenda ambiri monga momwe zasinthidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira kwambiri. Komabe, phlebotomy ili ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo cha zinthu zitatu: polycythemia vera (PV), cholowa cha hemochromatosis ( kulemera kwachitsulo), ndi porphyria cutenea tarda (PCT).
Polycythemia vera ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimapangitsa mafupa kupanga maselo ofiira ambiri a magazi ( erythrocytosis kapena polycythemia), mapuloletsiti (thrombocytosis), ndi maselo oyera a magazi (leukocytosis). Kuwonjezeka kwa maselo a magazi, makamaka maselo ofiira a magazi, kumatulutsa magazi omwe amachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Kuchotsa mwazi kudzera m'mayendedwe a phlebotomy kungathandize kuti zizindikiro zisinthe komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhazikika.
Hereditary hemochromatosis ndi mkhalidwe wobadwa nawo umene umayambitsa kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chiwonjezere.
Chitsulo chowonjezera chimawononga kwambiri chiwindi, mtima, ndi zopamba. Kuchotsa maselo ofiira a magazi kumapangitsa mafupa atsopano kupanga maselo ofiira atsopano pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosungidwa m'thupi.
PCT ndi chikhalidwe chimene chimayambitsa kusowa kwa enzyme (mankhwala) omwe amafunika kuti apangitse chiwalo (gawo mu maselo ofiira a magazi omwe amanyamula chitsulo).
Izi zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi chitsulo, kuchotsedwa kwa maselo ofiira ofiira a zitsulo kudzera pa phlebotomy ndiko chithandizo cha kusankha.
Zoyembekeza Kuchokera ku Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy ndi njira yophweka. Zitha kuchitidwa ku ofesi ya udokotala, kuchipatala, kapena ku malo opereka magazi. Zili zofanana ndi kupereka magazi .
Nthano imayikidwa mu chotengera chachikulu cha magazi, makamaka mu chigoba chokha, kuchotsa magazi. Mwazi ukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu thumba kapena m'mipiringi. Kawirikawiri, mwa akuluakulu, magazi amodzi (450 - 500 mL) amachotsedwa panthawi imodzi. Mafupipafupi a phlebotomy amasiyana chifukwa cha matenda anu ndi ma laboratory.
Kwa PV, phlebotomy imachitidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri mlungu uliwonse mpaka hematocrit (kuyeza kwa maselo ofiira a magazi) ali pafupi. Kenaka phlebotomy imachitidwa miyezi ingapo kuti chisamaliro cha hematocrit chikhale pafupi. Mu hemochromatosis wothandizira, ma phlebotomies akhoza kukhala mlungu uliwonse mpaka ferritin (kuyeza kwa masitolo a zitsulo) ndi wamba. Pofuna kupewa zitsulo kuti zisamangidwe kachiwiri, phlebotomy idzachitidwa miyezi iwiri kapena inayi iliyonse. Mu PCT, phlebotomy imachitika milungu iwiri iliyonse kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi ndipo yatha.
Mutha kudwala phlebotomy kuchipatala chanu chapafupi. Pakatili adzafuna dongosolo la dokotala kuti amalize mankhwalawa. Kuwonjezera apo, mu 1999, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inavomereza kuti magazi omwe amaperekedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi hemochromatosis cholowa angagwiritsidwe ntchito poika magazi malinga ngati atakumana ndi njira zina zoperekera magazi (kulemera, zaka, kusowa ulendo wopita kumadera oopsa kwambiri , ndi zina zotero).
Zotsatira Zotsatira za Phlebotomy
Zotsatira zoopsa za phlebotomy zimakhudzana ndi kusintha kwa magazi. Mukhoza kukhala ndi chizungulire kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi pambuyo pake koma ena akulekerera popanda nkhani.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake pambuyo pothandizira mwazi, wothandizira amakufunsani kukhala pang'onopang'ono musanayime. Muyenera kumwa madzi ambiri pambuyo pake. Ngati zizindikirozo zikupitirira kapena zosatsutsika, pambuyo poti magazi achotsedwa, madzi amchere amatha kuperekedwa kudzera mwa IV kuti asiye kuchotsa vutolo.
Phlebotomy for Other Conditions
Phlebotomy imagwiritsanso ntchito muzifukwa zina zochepa. Anthu omwe amalandira magazi ambiri omwe amawaika m'magazi ngati matenda a khansara, odwala maselo a m'thupi, ndi thalassemia ali pangozi yowonjezera chitsulo chochulukirapo (zomwe zimapezeka m'malo molowa monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa). Anthu awa akamaliza mankhwalawa (sakusowa mankhwala a chemotherapy, ochiritsidwa ndi kusakaniza mafupa a mafupa), phlebotomy ndi chida chothandiza kwambiri kuchotsa chitsulo chowonjezera. Mu zitsanzo izi, phlebotomy sizitha kukhala moyo wonse koma mpakana chitsulo chichotsedwa.
Phlebotomy ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kwa anthu okhala ndi sickle cell anemia omwe amafuna kuika magazi kwa moyo wonse kuti asatengere sitiroko. Pachifukwa ichi, phlebotomy imaphatikizidwa ndi magazi ofiira maselo ofiira magazi ndipo imatchedwa kusinthana kwa magazi. Kuikidwa magazi kofiira magazi kumagwiritsira ntchito m'malo mwa magazi kuchotsedwa m'malo mwa mankhwala a saline monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Izi zikhoza kukhala chida chothandizira kuchepetsa zowonjezera zitsulo mwa anthu awa.