Mankhwala Opweteka Omwe Amapweteka Omwe Amachiza Nkhawa
Ngati mukuvutika ndi ululu wosaneneka ndipo mwayesa zonse zomwe mungathe kuthetsa ululu wanu, opioids (mankhwala osokoneza bongo) angakhale njira yomwe mumasankha kuti mutenge. Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amatha kupweteka kwambiri, mankhwalawa angakhale othandiza komanso otetezeka ngati atengedwa mosamala kwambiri.
Pano pali zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanasankhe ngati opioids ndi yoyenera kwa inu.
Kodi Opioids Ndi Chiyani?
Opioids amachokera ku malo atatu: Ena amachokera ku zomera, ena amapangidwa mu labu, ndipo ena, monga endorphins, amapezeka mwachibadwa m'thupi. Opioids ndi othandiza kwambiri pochiza ululu. Ndipotu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ululu waukulu, monga ululu wopita kuntchito, komanso ululu waukulu womwe umayambitsidwa ndi matenda monga khansara.
Mitundu ya opioids
Malingana ndi zosowa zanu, mutha kutenga imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya opioid yogwiritsira ntchito kupweteka kosautsa . Pakati pa kalasi ya mankhwala otchedwa opioids, pali kusiyana kwakukulu.
Choyamba, ma opioids angapangidwe ngati mankhwala opweteka kwa nthawi yayitali.
Opioids amasiyana mosiyana ndi wina ndi mzake m'njira yomwe amapatsidwa. Ena amaperekedwa mwachangu kudzera mu IV mu dzanja, mkono, kapena pa doko kapena mzere wa picc. Zina zimaperekedwa pamlomo, zina zingaperekedwe ngati suppactory, ndipo zina zimakhala ngati patch yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito khungu lanu.
Ma opioid ena amatha kuperekedwa m'njira zambiri, koma zina zimangokhala njira imodzi yokha yoberekera.
Chinthu china chofunika ndi chakuti ma opioid ena, monga oxycodone ad hydromorphone ndi "mankhwala osokoneza bongo." Ena, monga Tylenol # 3 ndi Vicodin , akhoza kusakanikirana ndi opha ululu monga Tylenol (acetominophen.)
Gulu lina la opioids, lotchedwa agonist / otsutsana, kuphatikiza mankhwala kuti achepetse kupweteka ndi kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kudalira. Izi zikuphatikizapo buprenorphine ndi butorphanol.
Zotsatira za Ophioid Side ndi Zovuta Zina
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ululu wosatha amapirira malipiro omwewo opioid kwa zaka zambiri popanda kumangika mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena popanda kukhala ndi chidaliro cha thupi pa mankhwala. Komabe, kudalira ndi kuledzeretsa ndizovomerezeka.
Mwamwayi, anthu ambiri ovutika kwambiri omwe amatenga opioids angadzinenere molakwika ngati "oledzeretsa," ngakhale atakhala kuti sakwaniritsa zofunikira zowonongeka. Nthawi zina pamakhala chithunzithunzi china chokhala ndi mankhwala opweteka a narcotic, omwe angakhumudwitse munthu amene ali ndi ululu waukulu.
Kuwonjezera pa kulekerera ndi kudalira thupi, opioids ali ndi zotsatira zina zingapo. Izi ziphatikizapo:
- Kugona
- Kusokonezeka
- Nausea
- Kutsekedwa
- Zosungirako zoweta
- Kuvuta kupuma
- Kulephera kugonana
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Kulira kwa kuyabwa
Opioids amawakhudza akuluakulu ndi ana kuposa akuluakulu, kotero anthuwa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, madokotala amayambitsa ma opioid mlingo wotsika kwambiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawaonjezera mpaka m "mene odwala akufikira.
Mankhwala ena angagwirane ntchito molakwika ndi opioids, kotero kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kumafunikanso ngati mutenganso malamulo ena nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani kuti mudziwe dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo omwe amagulidwa pa pepala, kuti muteteze mavuto omwe angakhalepo, monga kutaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ndithudi, chifukwa cha tulo ndi chisokonezo zomwe zingakhale ngati zotsatira za mankhwalawa, koma monga momwe zimakhalira ndi vutoli, kafukufuku waposachedwapa anapeza kuti kuyendetsa galimoto pogwiritsira ntchito opioids kwa ululu wosapweteka sikunapweteke kwambiri ntchito.
Ma CDC Oyendetsera Opioids for Chronic Pain
Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa overdose wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa opioids chifukwa cha ululu wosagwirizana ndi khansa, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yatulutsa njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opioids mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ululu wosatha.
Zina mwazinthu 12zi zikuphatikizapo:
- 1. Opioid sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "mzere woyamba" mankhwala opweteka aakulu. Mankhwala ena osamva opioid ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito opioid. Ngati ma opioids akufunika, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi njira zina zothandizira (kuchepetsa zochita za opioid ziyenera kutero pa zifukwa zina) Mankhwala osamva opioid ndi mankhwala omwe sali ndi steroidal oletsa kutupa monga Advil (ibuprofen), tricyclic antidepressants , ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (anticonvulsants) monga Neurontin ( gabapentin .)
- 2. Zolinga za mankhwala ayenera kukhazikitsidwa. Tiyenera kutsimikiza kuti kuonjezera mankhwala opioid kumapangitsa kuti ntchito izikhala bwino kapena kuti akhale ndi moyo wathanzi kuti athe kuyang'anizana ndi zotsatira zowonongeka.
- 3. Kuyankhulana kwa wodwala kuyenera kuchitika kumene wodwala amamvetsa bwino kuopsa kwake ndi phindu la kugwiritsa ntchito opioids kuti athetse ululu wawo.
- 4. Kutsegula ma opioids nthawi yomweyo (mosiyana ndi opioids).
- 5. Mankhwala othandizira kwambiri a mankhwala ayenera kuuzidwa. (Pali magome omwe amayerekezera mlingo wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana ngati mutasintha kuchokera kuchipatala kupita ku chimzake.)
- 6. Maphunziro afupipafupi a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ayenera kulamulidwa chifukwa cha ululu waukulu womwe umachitika pamwamba pa ululu wopitirira.
- 7. Kutsata pafupi kukufunika. Kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala, maulendo a chipatala ayenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata kapena kangapo pamwezi. Pamene mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yaitali, ntchito yawo iyenera kuyesedwa osachepera miyezi itatu iliyonse ndipo ngati kupweteka sikusintha pa mankhwala ayenera kuimitsidwa.
- 8. Madokotala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito agonist / otsutsa ngati gulu likhoza kuthetsa nkhanza.
- 9. Madokotala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito deta ya POMP kuti atsimikizire kuti dokotala wina sakulemba opioids kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha overdose.
- 10. Kuyezetsa mankhwala m'thupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kuti munthu onse akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe akuyenera kutero komanso sakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- 11. Ngati nkotheka, opioids sayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi benzodiazepines.
- 12. Ngati kudalira pa opioid kumachitika, madokotala ayenera kukhala okonzeka kupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Opioids Pa Onse?
Pokhala ndi kutsutsana kwambili ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito kwawo mukumva kupweteka kosautsa, mungadabwe kuti chifukwa chiyani madokotala amapereka opioids nkomwe. Mwachidule, ma opioids amathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kupweteka, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe sanalandire chithandizo kuchokera kuchipatala amapeza mpumulo kupyolera mu ntchito ya opioid. Kwa anthu awa, phindu la opioids limaposa zoopsa. Zotsatira zoyipa ndi zomwe zingatheke kuti munthu asadalire sizichitika nthawi zonse. Kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ululu wosatha, opioids amatha kuwathandiza kubwezeretsa moyo wawo.
Musanayambe pa opioid, dokotala wanu ayenera kuyeserera bwino komanso kukonzekera zokambirana nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane matenda anu. Madokotala ena angayambe ndi mayeso a opioid, pang'onopang'ono akuwonjezera mlingo wanu pamene mukuyang'anitsitsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo.
Zotsatira:
Campos-Outcalt, D. Opioids for Chronic Pain: Madandaulo a CDC 12. Journal of Practice Family . 2016. 65 (12): 906-909.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). Mndandanda wa CDC Wopereka Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016. Kusinthidwa 03/18/16. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm
Chou, R., Devo, R., ndi J. Friedly. Mankhwala Opatsirana Othandizira Odwala Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Otsiriza: Kubwereza Kwambiri kwa American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine . 2017 Feb 14. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
Schumacher, M., Jongen, S., Knoche, A. et al. Zotsatira za mankhwala opangira opioid pa Zochitika Zoyendetsera Kuyenda Osagwidwa ndi Khansa Odwala. Psychopharmacology . 2017 Feb 12. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).