Tsiku lomaliza limayikidwa pamtengowu kutipangitsa kuzindikira kuti khalidwe la mankhwala likuchepa. Pankhani ya mankhwala a nyamakazi , kodi tsiku lomaliza limatichenjeza za khalidwe kapena kodi ndibwino kuti tipeze mankhwala otha msinkhu?
Maulendo otsirizira a ntchito amatiuza nkhani. Ngati mankhwala akuyandikira tsiku lake lomalizira, mankhwalawa akhalapo kwa nthawi ndithu - ndipo sichikhala pamtunda wapamwamba.
Zosangalatsa za masiku otsiriza, anthu ena amanyalanyaza iwo ndipo ena amamvetsera mwatcheru.
Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito mkaka monga chitsanzo. Mukadutsa tsiku lomaliza, muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mkaka wonunkhira, wowawasa, wowonongeka. Pambuyo pake mutadutsa tsikulo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Palibe amene amakonda kupasula chakudya, koma ngati mukukakamizika kutaya mkaka umene wapita mopitirira malire ndipo wawonongeka, zikhale choncho. Funso lonena za kutha kwa masiku limakhala lovuta kwambiri pamene tiganizira za mankhwala, monga mankhwala, omwe ali ndi mtengo wapatali wogwirizana ndi mphamvu yawo.
Izi sizikutanthauza ndalama zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda a nyamakazi amasintha mankhwala pofuna kuyesetsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro zawo kapena matenda. Pambuyo pake, amatha kubwereranso ku mankhwala omwe adawaika. Ngati mankhwalawa akhala kwa nthawi yayitali, zikhoza kuthera. Ndi zopweteka zotani kuposa kuchotsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
Tsiku Lomaliza la Mankhwala
Mu 1979, lamulo linapitsidwira ku United States lomwe linkafuna ogulitsa mankhwala kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe amamwa mankhwalawa. Tsikuli likuyimira mfundo yomwe wogulitsa mankhwala angathe kutsimikiziranso zonsezi ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala. Koma kodi "kungatsimikizire kuti chitetezo chokwanira" chikutanthauza kuti ngati mutenga mankhwala osapitirira nthawi imeneyo si zabwino kapena, mwina chofunika kwambiri, ndizosatetezeka?
Sukulu ziwiri za Maganizo
Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) linapanga phunziro kuti ayese mankhwala osapitirira nthawi pamene asilikali ankakumana ndi kuthamangitsidwa ndi kusiya mankhwala awo kwa zaka zingapo. SLEP (pulogalamu yazowonjezera moyo wa alumali) yaperekedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration ku United States Department of Defense (DOD) kwa zaka zoposa 20. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chokhazikika cha 3,005 mankhwala osiyanasiyana 122, kuyambira 1986, 88% ya maerewo adatulutsidwa kupitirira tsiku lawo lomaliza. Pa maere 2,652 opitirira, 18 peresenti yokha idathetsedwa chifukwa cholephera. Maere ena onse adakali amphamvu (35%) kapena amaletsedwa (47%) ndi asilikali.
Ichi chakhala maziko a sukulu imodzi yoganiza za mankhwala omwe atha nthawi yaitali. A FDA adachenjeza kuti phunzirolo silinawonetsere mankhwala omwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a kabwino bwino kuti mutha kuganiza. A FDA adachenjeza, ngakhale kuti phunziroli linatsimikizira kuti - ndi zochepa chabe monga tetracycline, nitroglycerin, ndi insulini - mankhwala amakhalabe olimba kwa zaka zopitirira.
Ndilo sukulu ina ya ganizo: Ndizoopsa kwambiri kuti mutenge mankhwala otha msinkhu.
Malinga ndi a FDA, mutangotsala tsiku lomaliza, palibe chitsimikizo chokhudza mphamvu kapena chitetezo.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri kuchokera ku FDA
Magazini ya FDA, Ilisa Bernstein, inati: "Masiku omalizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zamankhwala ndi ofunika kwambiri podziwa ngati mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kugwiritsira ntchito komanso kugwira ntchito mogwirizana." Ngati mankhwala anu atha, musagwiritse ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Lister, Sherunda. Musayesedwe Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Otsirizira. Office of Communications. FDA.gov. 4/25/2011.
> Lyon RC et al. Mapulogalamu Okhazikika a Zamagwiritsidwe Ntchito Zamagwiritsidwe Opitirira Patapita Nthawi Yoperekera. Journal of Scientific Sciences Vol. 95, NO. 7, July, 2006. Lofalitsidwa pa Intaneti mu Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002 / jps.20636.