Pa October 2, 1996, Lance Armstrong anapezeka ndi khansa. Zina zonse ndi mbiri. Anachiritsidwa ndi kubwerera ku maulendo apamwamba a njinga zamoto, kupambana ndi Tour of France maulendo 7 otsatira. Nkhani yake inalimbikitsa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa. Nsalu zamtundu wachikasu zinakhala zofanana ndi chiyembekezo. Pambuyo pa kuvomereza kwake, akhoza kukhala atagwa kuchokera ku chisomo kupita ku madigiri osiyanasiyana, koma akupitiriza kukhala chithunzi cha chiyembekezo kwa ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa.
Tiye tikambirane za khansara ya Lance Armstrong, koma kambiranani chifukwa chake zomwe adakumana nazo zingakhale zosiyana ndi munthu wina, ngakhale munthu yemwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo ndi mtundu umodzi wa khansa panthawi yomweyo.
Lance Armstrong ndi Testicular Cancer
Lance Armstrong anali ndi khansa ya testicular . Khansara yamaganizo si matenda amodzi okha. Ikuphwasulidwa kukhala mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, seminoma ndi nonseminoma. Seminoma imafala kwambiri pakati pa amuna a zaka zapakati pa makumi atatu ndi makumi asanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo imabweretsedwanso m'magulu awiri. Nonseminomas amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa zaka zaunyamata ndi zaka makumi anayi. Zimapangidwanso m'magawo anayi, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, ndi teratoma. Lance Armstrong anali ndi embryonal carcinoma. Izi ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansara yowonongeka imachita ndikuyankha mankhwala mosiyana.
Embryonal carcinoma imachokera ku maselo oyambirira omwe maselo ammaboni ambiri amachokera.
Mwa zokha, zimangokhala 2 peresenti ya khansa ya testicular. Komabe, amapezeka mu 85 peresenti ya nonseminoma yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya testicular.
Miyendo
Mitundu ya khansa imapangidwanso ndi siteji. Khansara yamatsenga imagawanika moyamba mu magawo atatu: I, II ndi III. Gawo lachitatu ndilolopambana kwambiri ndipo limatanthawuza kuti khansara yafalikira kupyola gulu la ziwalo zam'mimba m'malo omwe amatchedwa retroperitoneum.
Popeza kuti kansa yake yafalikira ku ubongo wake, Lance anali ndi kansa yapamwamba kwambiri yachisawawa yachitatu, yomwe inaikidwa ngati gawo IIIc.
Iyi ndi mfundo ina yofunika poyankhula za khansa. Nthawi zambiri pamene khansara imafalikira ( metastasizes ) sichichiritsiranso. Izi ndi zoona kwa khansa wamba monga khansara yamapapo, kansa ya m'mawere, ndi zilonda zambiri zowopsa. Chimodzi mwa zosiyana ndi khansara ya testicular, yomwe mankhwala angakhale otheka ngakhale ndi matenda a metastatic.
Chithandizo Chake
Gawo loyamba la chithandizo cha Lance Armstrong, chomwe ndi njira yoyenera kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yowona, inali kuchotsedwa kwa testis ya kansa mu opaleshoni yotchedwa orchiectomy yaikulu .
Izi zinkatsatiridwa ndi chemotherapy, yomwe ikufunika kuti iwononge maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe ayenda kupyola ma testes. Ku mlandu wa Armstrong, popeza khansara yake idapita ku ubongo wake, akuganiza kuti maselo a khansa akhoza kupita ku madera ena koma komabe ali ochepa kwambiri kuti asadziwike. Analandira maulendo 4. Ulendo woyambirira unali ndi bleomycin, etoposide, ndi cisplatin. Zotsatirazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa vinblastine, etoposide, ifosfamide, ndi cisplatin. Izi zinachitidwa kuti asagwiritsire ntchito ntchito ya bleomycin yowonjezera, yomwe imayanjanitsidwa ndi poizoni, makamaka mkhalidwe wotchedwa pulmonary fibrosis .
Matendawa amachititsa kuti m'mapapu amalepheretse kupuma komanso athetse ntchito ya mpikisano aliyense wamapikisano, popeza mapapu awo ayenera kukhala otetezeka kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza pa opaleshoni, kuchotsa canceris testis, ndi mankhwala ndi chemotherapy, Lance anachitidwa opaleshoni ya ubongo kuchotsa ziwiri zilonda za khansa. Kuchiza matenda osakwatiwa (kapena ochepa chabe) amayamba kukhala ofanana kwambiri, ngakhale ndi zotupa zamatenda monga khansa kapena khansa ya m'mawere yomwe siichiritsidwe. Kuchotsedwa kwa "oligometastases" (zochepa chabe) zimatha kupulumuka kwa khansa zina, ngakhale pamene mankhwala sangatheke.
Momwe Anapulumutsidwira
Mitundu yambiri ya khansara yolimba imakhala yosachiritsika ikagawidwa (yochotsedwa mthupi) kuchokera ku malo awo oyambirira. Mwamwayi kwa Lance, ndi wina aliyense amene wakumana ndi khansara ya testicular, khansara ya testicular ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala opatsirana kwambiri odwala khansa ngakhale pamene yayamba bwino kuposa malo ake oyambirira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti khansa yambiri ya testicular ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa chemotherapy, pamene mitundu ina ya khansa imakhala ndi anthu ambiri a khansa omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi chemotherapy kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala a Lance Armstrong anapatsidwa? Ayi, sizinali choncho. Pamene nonseminoma imaphatikizapo malo ena osati ma lymph nodes kapena m'mapapu, amadziwika kuti ndi osauka ndipo amakhala ndi zaka zisanu zosachepera 50 peresenti.
Kodi Khansara Yake Inabweranso?
Kansalu yambiri ya khansa ya nonseminoma imachitika mkati mwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira. Kubwereza kwapitirira zaka zisanu ndizosawerengeka. Zakhala zoposa zaka 20 kuchokera pamene Lance anapeza kuti ndi zochitika izi mochedwa sizidzamveka. Izi zinati, ngakhale kuti sizingakhale zachilendo kwambiri ndi khansara yowonongeka, nthawi zina khansa imabwereranso ngakhale zaka makumi angapo chifuwa choyamba chitaperekedwa.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti aliyense amene ali ndi khansa yowonongeka ali pangozi yowonjezereka yothetsera vuto latsopano la khansara ya testicular mu testis otsala. Mavuto onse a moyo wokhala ndi kansa ya mthendayi ali pafupi ndi 0.4 peresenti, koma pangozi ya moyo wokhala ndi khansa yachiwiri yapamwamba muzitsamba zotsalira ndi 2 peresenti.
Potsirizira pake, mankhwala a chemotherapy angayambe kukonza khansa yachiwiri pamsewu. Mankhwalawa amachititsa DNA kuwononga maselo a khansa, koma imathanso kuwononga DNA m'maselo abwino, kuyamba kuyambira kwa maselo omwe amasanduka maselo a khansa. Izi ndi zoona kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chemotherapy pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa khansara, ngakhale kuti siwodziwika.
Khansa iliyonse ndi Munthu aliyense ndi yosiyana
Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti n'zosangalatsa kuphunzira zambiri za khansara amene anthu ambiri amamukonda, makamaka ngati ali ndi khansara. Komabe ndi kofunika kufotokoza kuti munthu aliyense ndi khansa iliyonse ndi yosiyana.
Palibe khansa ziwiri zomwe zimachita mofananamo kapena zimayankha mankhwala omwewo. Khansa ziwiri zikhoza kuwoneka chimodzimodzi pansi pa microscope koma zikhoza kukhala zosiyana kwambiri pa maselo a maselo. Ngati mutatenga anthu 200 omwe ali ndi kansa ya testicular yomweyi pamtundu womwewo, mutha kukhala ndi khansa yapadera 200. Pamene timaphunzira zambiri zokhudza khansa, tikamaphunzira zambiri za kusiyana kumeneku, zomwe zachititsa kuti onse azitha kuchipatala moyenera.
Kuwonjezera pa kusiyana kwa chotupa, palibe anthu awiri ofanana, ndipo aliyense amayankha mosiyana ndi mankhwala. Khansara ya Lance Armstrong yayamba kukhala ndi zaka zisanu zosachepera 50 peresenti, koma sizikutanthauza kuti ali wathanzi kapena wabwino kuposa munthu amene angadwale matendawa. Munthu yemwe ali wathanzi akhoza kuchita bwino, koma wina amene samasamalira yekha akhoza kuchita bwino. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa momwe munthu angachitire bwino, ndipo ndikofunika kuti tizikumbukira izi tikamayankhula ndi okondedwa athu ndi khansa. Si vuto la munthu ngati ali ndi khansa, ndipo si chifukwa chake ngati sakuyankha bwino. Zotsatira zimakhala ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi maselo omwe ali ndi chotupa kuposa munthu amene ali ndi chotupacho.
Pansi pa Lance Armstrong's Testicular Cancer
Lance Armstrong, ngakhale adagwa kuchokera ku chisomo, akuyimilira kwa aliyense yemwe watengedwa ndi khansa. Anapulumuka khansara yake yowononga ndi mankhwala achiwawa, ndipo sanangopulumuka koma adapita kutchuka. Khansara yeniyeni imakhala yosiyana pakati pa khansa yamphamvu, mwina ikhoza kuchiritsidwa ngakhale zitatha kale. Ichi ndi chotupa, komabe, nthawi zambiri chimapweteka amuna m'zaka zawo zapamwamba, ndipo zingakhale zowawa motere. Tikhoza kutamanda Armstrong kuti tidziwitse kuti khansara ikhoza kupulumuka komanso kuti pangakhale moyo pambuyo pa khansara kwa anthu ambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Hill, Christine M. Lance Armstrong: Kuthamanga, Kupulumuka, Kulimbikitsa Hope . Zoonjezera Ofalitsa, 2008
> National Cancer Institute. Testicular Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 01/30/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-treatment-pdq