Funso lofunsidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya penicillin zowopsa ndi ngati angathe kutenga cephalosporin. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti penicillin ndi cephalosporin ndizo maantibayotiki omwe ali ofanana mofanana.
Musanayankhe funsoli, ndi kofunika kuti muyambe kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la penicillin kapena ayi.
Penicillin: Mankhwala a Beta-Lactam
Penicillin mwina ndi membala wodziwika kwambiri mwa mankhwala enaake omwe amatchedwa beta-lactams. Ma antibayotiki onse a beta-lactam ali ndi dongosolo linalake (lotchedwa ring beta-lactam ring) mkati mwa mapangidwe awo a maselo.
Kuwonjezera penicillin, beta-lactam ina ndi iyi:
- Zotsatira za penicillin monga amoxicillin
- Cephalosporins ngati Keflex (cephalexin)
- Carbapenems ngati Primaxin (imipenem)
Penicillin Mliri: Kuyankha Kwambiri
Njira yowonongeka kwambiri kwa penicillin ndi yankho la mtundu wa IgE-mediated (Type 1) hypersensitivity. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pofika penicillin, chitetezo cha mthupi (ngati chosemetsa) chidzapangika ma antibodies a IgE. Mankhwalawa amayenda ndi kumangirira maselo ena mkati mwa thupi la munthu, kuwachititsa kumasula mankhwala. Mankhwalawa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zowonongeka zisamayende bwino.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za penicillin zowopsa zimayambira mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kapena ola limodzi kapena awiri kumwa mankhwala ndipo zingakhalepo chimodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi:
- Kuyamwa khungu ndi / kapena ming'oma
- Kuwongolera kapena kugwedeza kwa milomo kapena lilime
- Angioedema (kutupa kwa pakamwa, maso, milomo, kapena lilime)
- Kupuma ndi mpweya wochepa
- Zovuta kumeza
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi
- Lightheadedness
- Kukula kwa mtima mofulumira
Chifukwa Chotsatira Kuti Penicillin Ndizofunika Kwambiri Ndizofunika Kwambiri
Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu onse a ku America amafotokoza za mankhwala ochepetsa mankhwala a penicillin, koma osachepera limodzi mwa magawo atatu alionse amatsutsa (pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesedwa khungu).
Mwinamwake, iwo ankanenedwa molakwika ngati penicillin amatsutsana ndi zolemba zawo kapena zovuta zawo zothetsedwa ndi nthawi - pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi penicillin zowonongeka amatha kutaya thupi lawo pambuyo pa zaka 10 (kutanthauza kuti sizowonongeka).
Popeza anthu ambiri omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi vuto la penicillin sali oyenera, ndizofunika kuti inu ndi dokotala wanu musakhumudwitse izi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ma antibayotiki ochuluka amaperekedwa mosiyana ndi penicillin.
Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angapangitse kuti chiopsezo chanu chikhale choopsa kwambiri m'tsogolo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula. Ndiponso, mankhwala ena oletsa mankhwala omwe adokotala anu angapange sangakhale abwino kwambiri pa matenda anu.
Kutsimikizira Penicillin Zotsatira Zowonongeka: Kuyesedwa Khungu Ndilo Gold Standard
Kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi penicillin zovuta kapena mulibe mankhwala, dokotala wanu adzalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo athandizidwe kuti adziwe ngati penicillin ayesedwa khungu (zomwe zimafuna kutumiza mankhwala).
Mwachitsanzo, mwinamwake munayamba kupwetekedwa mtima kapena matenda a yisiti mukamaliza kumwa penicillin. Izi siziri zowona, koma m'malo mwake sizowoneka bwino.
Kapena mwinamwake simunatengere penicillin koma muli ndi mamembala omwe ali ndi penicillin.
Izi, kachiwiri, sizowopsa kwa inu. Pazochitikazi, dokotala wanu adzapitirirabe ndikuchiza matenda anu penicillin kapena cephalosporin (ngati mukuyenera).
Pa mbali ya flip, ngati simukudziwa za momwe munayambira kale penicillin, kapena ngati dokotala sakhala wotsimikiza ngati zomwe zinachitidwa zinali zosavomerezeka kapena ayi, kuyesedwa ndi wovomerezeka ayenera kuchitidwa.
Chitetezo Chotsatira Cephalosporin Ndi Penicillin Zotsatira Zowopsa
Tiyerekeze kuti mukuwona munthu wotsutsa, ndipo khungu lanu limakhala lothandiza pa penicillin. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kupewa penicillin yonse.
Komabe, mungathebe kutenga cephalosporin pansi pa kutsogolo kwa wotsutsa.
Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu ochepa chabe (pafupifupi 3 peresenti) ndi penicillin zowonongeka adzachita ndi cephalosporin-komabe, zomwe zimachitika zingakhale zovuta.
Mtundu wa cephalosporin umene mukuutenga udzakambiraninso. Izi zili choncho, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chochepa chochita kwa cephalosporin kwa anthu okhala ndi penicillin, palipadera cephalosporins monga cephalexin (Keflex) ndi Cefazolin (Ancef) amachititsa kuti anthu ambiri asamvetsetse penicillin zowopsa kusiyana ndi anthu omwe alibe penicillin zovuta.
Pa flip side, cephalosporins, yachiwiri ndi yachitatu, monga Cefuroxime (Ceftin), Cefprozil (Cefzil), Cefdinir (Omnicef), ndi Cefpodoxime (Vantin), samawoneka kuti amachititsa kuti anthu asamveke ndi vuto la penicillin. .
Mawu Ochokera
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti ngakhale anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mbiri ya penicillin zowonongeka amatha kulekerera cephalosporins, madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mosamala pamene akufotokoza chimodzimodzi, monga momwe amachitira zinthuzo.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndizofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chisankho chokhazikitsa cephalosporin, monga mtundu wa matenda omwe amafunika kuchitidwa ndi kuyenera / kupezeka kwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito penicillin / non-cephalosporin omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Blumenthal KG, Shenoy ES, Hurwitz S, Akuluakulu a CA, Hooper DC, Banerji A. Zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala oletsa antibiotic omwe amapereka mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda opatsirana opaleshoni. J Zachilombo ka Immunol Pract . 2014 Jul-Aug; 2 (4): 407-13.
> Blumenthal KG, Solensky R, Kuyezetsa zowonjezera kafukufuku wokhudza penicillin zowonongeka: Njira zogwiritsira ntchito poyerekeza ndi khungu komanso njira zowonongeka ndi mankhwala ena a beta-lactam.
> D ePestel DD et al. Cephalosporin amagwiritsa ntchito pochiza odwala okhala ndi penicillin. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008 Jul-Aug; 48 (4): 530-40.