Monga wodwala, mantha amodzi omwe mungakhale nawo angakhale kuti chinachake chimapweteka panthawi yachipatala. Ngati zotsatira zovulaza - matenda atsopano kapena kuvulala - zimayambitsidwa ndi dokotala kapena wogwira ntchito yothandizira zaumoyo, zimatchedwa "iatrogenic."
Zochitika zamtunduwu sizodziwika mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale opereka mankhwala ndi anthu komanso zolakwika.
Izi zingapangitse kuti zovuta zikhale zovuta kapena zimayambitsa matenda osagwirizana ndi matenda omwe munawafuna kuchipatala.
Kodi Iatrogenic Imatanthauza Chiyani?
"Iatrogenic" imachokera ku Chigriki. " Iatros " amatanthawuza dokotala kapena machiritso ndi " gennan " amatanthauza "chifukwa." Choncho, mawu enieni amatanthauza "monga zotsatira za dokotala."
Pamene wodwala akupeza matenda atsopano kapena akuvulala chifukwa cha mautumiki operekedwa ndi wothandizira mankhwala, zotsatira zake zimawoneka kuti ndi "iatrogenic." Zochitika zamtunduwu zingayambitse matenda kapena matenda. Zingawathandize kuthupi, m'maganizo, kapena m'maganizo kapena, nthawi zina, ngakhale imfa.
Chinsinsi cha tanthawuzochi ndi chakuti vuto latsopano lachipatala ladzera chifukwa cha zochita za wodwalayo. Kwenikweni, akunena kuti wodwala sakadwala kapena kuvulala ngati sakanalowetsana ndi dokotalayo kapena dokotalayo.
Kuvulala kwa iatrogenic ndi mtundu wa zolakwika zachipatala . Zolakwitsa izi sizinayambe zakhala zikufunidwa, ndithudi, koma zimakhala zoipa kwa wodwalayo.
Zitsanzo
Zochitika zamtunduwu zingayambidwe ndi chiwerengero chilichonse chazidziwitso kapena zolakwika zachipatala. Zitha kukhala panthawi ya chipatala kapena maulendo achidwi; palibe chifukwa chimodzi, chikhalidwe chachipatala, kapena chikhalidwe chogwirizana ndi zochitika izi.
Pofuna kukudziwitsani zomwe zingatanthauzidwe ngati zotsatira zovulaza kuchokera kuchipatala, onani zitsanzo zingapo.
- Iatrogenesis ikhoza kuchitika pamene wodwala ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa dokotala kapena namwino sanasambe manja atatha kukhudza wodwalayo.
- Kulakwitsa, monga kudandaula wodwalayo ndi chida chochita opaleshoni, kuchotsa impso zolakwika, kapena kuchotsa bondo lolakwika kumanenedwa kuti ndiatrogenic.
- Mikangano ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo yomwe imatchulidwa, koma yosadziwika ku prescriber ndi iatrogenic.
- Ngati mankhwala othandizira m'maganizo amawongolera maganizo kapena mitsempha kwa wodwalayo, zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi zotchedwa iatrogenic.
Kodi Zambiri Zimakhala Bwanji ndi Iatrogenic Zochitika?
Zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera ziwerengero zilizonse za iatrogenesis ndipo palibe magulu awiri omwe angagwirizane. Ziwerengero zomwe zimafotokozedwa sizinasinthidwe nthawi zonse kapena zimakonda kuganizira za imfa m'malo mwa zovuta zonse.
Kuti mupitirize kulimbikitsa nkhani, zipatala ziri ndi machitidwe owonetsera malonda kuti athe kusonkhanitsa zochitika zaatrogenic. Komabe, malinga ndi magulu ambiri a malonda, zochitika zambiri sizikunenedwa. Zifukwa izi ndi zosiyana.
Mu kafukufuku wokhudza chipatala cha 2012 a Office of Inspector General (OIG ochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu), zochitika zokwana 86 peresenti sizinachitike.
Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito kuchipatala sanawawone ngati akuchita chokwanira kwa wodwalayo kuti apereke lipoti.
Mu kafukufuku wakale wa OIG, lipoti la 2010 linayesa kuyerekezera zochitika zovuta zomwe odwala a Medicare amachitira. Zomwe anapezazo zikusonyeza kuti mu October 2008, pafupifupi 13.5 peresenti ya odwalawa "adakumana ndi zowawa panthawi ya chipatala." Mwa iwo, obwereza anapeza kuti 44 peresenti "inali yowoneka kapena yotetezedwa."
Maphunzirowa amavomereza kuti oyang'anira chipatala akuwongolera njira zowonetsera malipoti komanso kuti osowa akusamalirabe zochita zawo. Chitetezo chimakhalabe chofunika kwambiri kuchipatala ndi ntchito yomwe ikuthandizira kuti ziwerengedwe izi zikugwiritsidwe ntchito.
Monga wodwala, yesani kumvetsetsa mankhwala anu ndikufunsani mafunso ambiri omwe mukufunikira kuti musinthe maganizo anu. Komanso, mutatha njira iliyonse, pitirizani kuzindikira zotsatira zake zomwe zingakuvutitseni ndi kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga mukawona chilichonse.
> Zotsatira:
> Ofesi ya Inspector General. "Mauthenga Okhudza Zochitika Zachipatala Zachipatala Sizimapweteka Kwambiri Pakati pa Odwala." 2012 https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-09-00091.pdf
> Ofesi ya Inspector General. Zochitika Zoipa M'zipatala: Zochitika Zachilengedwe Pakati pa Medicare Othandiza. " 2010. https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-09-00090.pdf