E-cigarettes, kapena ndudu zamagetsi, zafala kwambiri. Zimagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira batri omwe amawathira madzi mu ntchentche yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, ngati ndudu yachibadwa. Madziwo amawonjezeredwa ku e-cigarette kudzera m'magetsi ndipo amakhala ndi nicotine, mankhwala, ndi zokometsera.
E-cigarettes Siliyang'aniridwa ndi FDA
Popeza kuti FDA sichita e-cigarettes, opanga akhoza kuwonjezera mankhwala ku ndudu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa poyikira anthu komanso zomwe sizinafike poyang'ana chitetezo cha chitetezo.
Mankhwala ena omwe amapezeka mu e-cigarettes amadziwika kuti amachititsa khansara , malinga ndi chidziwitso chochokera ku webusaiti ya American Thoracic Society.
Odwala ambiri amayenera kukayikira ngati zipangizozi zili zotetezeka, ndipo ambiri othandizira zaumoyo amafunsa ngati akuyenera kulimbikitsa e-ndudu kwa odwala awo. Ngakhale anthu ena othandizira zaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti e-ndudu ndi njira zabwino kuposa ndudu zeniyeni, ena amati pali njira zina zotetezeka, zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi FDA kuthandiza osiya kusiya kusuta.
Mmene Mungasankhire Ngati Muyenera Kuyesa Eigarati Monga Njira Yopezera Kusuta
Imodzi mwa njira zowunikira zaumoyo wokhudza kusuta fodya, COPD , ndi e-ndudu, ndi American Thoracic Society (ATS) yomwe ili gulu lotsogolera la odwala ndi ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwezi uliwonse, ATS amalimbikitsa msonkhano waukulu, womwe ukupezeka padziko lonse lapansi kumene akatswiri apamwamba amasonkhana kuti apereke kufufuza kwatsopano ndi kusinthanitsa uthenga.
ATS ndi imodzi mwazidziwitso zomwe madokotala amatha kupeza zokhudza malangizo azachipatala, kufufuza, zipangizo zamaphunziro kwa odwala awo.
Pofuna kukuthandizani kupeza zenizeni, kuchokera kwa ochita kafukufuku okha, pano pali mwachidule mwachidule za maphunziro a zachipatala pa e-ndudu zomwe zinaperekedwa ku Msonkhano wa Mayiko wa American American Thoracic Society ku Denver, Colorado.
- Ofufuza ku New Zealand (Bullen et. Al) adapeza kuti odwala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito fodya komanso adalandira uphungu wa fodya posachedwa kusuta sakanakhala bwino 'kusiya mitengo' kusiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro za nicotine. Phunziroli linalibe odwala okwanira mmenemo, komabe, kuti adziwe bwinobwino.
- Kutsekemera kamodzi kokha kuchokera ku ndudu ya e-eti kunasonyezedwa kuti kuchepetsa chifuwa cha chifuwa kwa odwala popanda matenda omwe amadziwika ndi mapapu, omwe ndi njira imodzi yomwe ndudu zenizeni zimakhudzira mpweya. Kugwedeza ndi njira yomwe ndege ikuchotsera mabakiteriya ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse matenda opatsirana. Izi ndizifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu osuta fodya, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda a bronchitis akudwala kwambiri ndi matenda a chibayo. (Dicpinigaitis et. Al)
- Nkhumba zomwe zinkapezeka ndi nthunzi za fodya zomwe zinali ndi chikonga zinapezeka kuti zakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa mazira ndi mapiritsi m'mapapo awo. Maselo a m'mapapo a anthu nawonso anawonongeka chifukwa cha mpweya wa nicotine. (Salathe et al)
- Ofufuza ku Italy (Caponneto et. Al) anayerekezera kuchuluka kwa ndudu zoyenera kusuta ndi odwala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito e-ndudu omwe anali ndi chikonga kwa odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito e-ndudu zomwe zinali ndi zokoma zokha. Odwala amagwiritsa ntchito e-ndudu kwa milungu 12. Odwala onse adachepetsedwa ndi ndudu yachizolowezi pambuyo pa phunziro, koma odwala 10 peresenti amasiya. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mmodzi mwa ofufuza mu phunziro lino anali wothandizira kwa kampani yomwe imapanga e-ndudu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira.
- Kafukufuku wa ophunzira apakati pa sekondale ku United States adapeza kuti ntchito ya e-ndudu yawonjezeka kawiri pakati pa achinyamata ndipo pafupifupi 10% mwa iwo anali osuta fodya (Corey et al).
- Pa phunziro limodzi ndi odwala 600, pafupifupi 11% (anthu 64) adayesa e-ndudu. 68% mwa odwalawo anali akusuta fodya nthawi zonse ndi e-ndudu. 47% adachepetsera chiwerengero cha ndudu zomwe adasuta. Panalibe kusintha kwa mapapu kapena kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa COPD kwa odwala amene anayesa e-ndudu. Phunziroli likupitirirabe ndipo zotsatirazi zikhoza kusintha m'tsogolomu. (Bowler, et. Al)
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
- Sidziwika ngati e-ndudu ndi otetezeka.
- E-ndudu ali ndi mankhwala oopsa mkati mwawo omwe amachititsa kupweteka kwa mapapu ku nyama ndi maselo a mapapu a anthu.
- E-ndudu sizinalamulidwe ndi FDA ndipo kotero zimakhala ndi zinthu zosadziwika mwa iwo zomwe ziri zovulaza.
- E-ndudu zikuwoneka kuti zathandiza odwala kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ndudu zonse zomwe amasuta.
- Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera zotsalira kusuta fodya zomwe sizikhala ndi zoopsa zosadziwika za e-ndudu.
- Kafukufuku wochuluka amafunika kudziwa ngati e-ndudu ndi otetezeka.
Malingaliro a dokotala uyu: mpaka tidziwa zambiri, yesetsani njira zina zotsuta kusuta musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito fodya. Pali umboni wabwino wakuti e-ndudu ingayambitse kupweteka kwa mapapo. Ngakhale lingaliro la e-ndudu likuwoneka ngati labwino, kutulutsa mankhwala osadziwika ndi chikonga ali ndi zoopsa za thanzi. Ngati mukuganiza kuti musiye kusuta fodya, njira yabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu komanso banja lanu kuti muyese kusiya kusuta fodya. Musayese kuchita nokha.
> Kwa zina zothandizira odwala za COPD ndi matenda ena a m'mapapo ndi matenda oopsa, pitani ku tsamba la webusaiti ya American Thoracic Society.
> Kafukufuku Nkhani Zotchulidwa:
> Bullen C, ndi. Zida zapamwamba za al Electronic zotsalira kusuta fodya: kuyesedwa kosasinthika. Lancet 2013; 382 (9905): 1629-1637.
> Caponneto P, ndi. al. Kuchita bwino ndi kusungira ndudu ya fodya monga ndudu za fodya zimalowetsera A omwe angakwanitse miyezi 12 yokonza njira yophunzirira. PloS imodzi mwa 2013: 8 (6): e66317.
> Corey C., ndi. Kugwiritsira ntchito ngodya za elektroniki pogwiritsa ntchito ophunzira apakati ndi kusekondale- United States, 2011-2012. MMWR: Makhalidwe a Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013 Sept 6; 62 (35): 729-30.