About Common Disorder Genetic Disorder
Matenda a m'munsi ndi matenda a chibadwa omwe amachititsa chirema mu chromosome 21 yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa maselo osadziwika. Matendawa amachititsa mavuto amalingaliro ndi chitukuko omwe amasiyana mozama. Ikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu a thanzi monga vuto la mtima.
Pali anthu pafupifupi 400,000 a ku America okhala ndi Down syndrome. Malinga ndi National Down Syndrome Society, mwana mmodzi mwa ana 691 ku United States amabadwa ndi matenda a Down syndrome.
Ndi ana okwana 6,000 obadwa ndi matenda a Down syndrome chaka chilichonse. Mfundo zofulumira izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino matenda a Down, matenda omwe amafala kwambiri pa chromosomal disorder.
Zimayambitsa
Maselo aumunthu amakhala ndi magawo 23 a ma chromosomes. Matenda a pansi amachititsa pamene chromosome 21 imapanga zakuthupi zowonjezera. Pali mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a Down syndrome:
- Trisomy 21 . Ichi ndi chofala kwambiri chromosomal chomwe chimapezeka mwa ana. Zimapezeka pamene mwana ali ndi makope atatu a chromosome 21 m'maselo ake m'malo mwa awiri. Amapereka 95 peresenti ya matenda a Down syndrome. Chromosome yowonjezera imachokera kwa mayi 88 peresenti ya nthawiyo komanso kuchokera kwa bambo 12 peresenti ya nthawiyo.
- Matenda a Mosaic Down . Mtundu woterewu wa Down syndrome umawerengera 2 mpaka 3 peresenti ya milandu. Ena, osati onse, maselo ali ndi kachilombo kake ka chromosome 21.
- Translocation Down syndrome . Chromosome 21 imagwirizanitsa ndi chromosome ina, kaya isanayambe kapena ikakhala ndi pakati. Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya maulendo osayenerera awa ndi a novo , kutanthauza kuti zimachitika mwangozi. 25 peresenti ya kusamutsidwa kwenikweni imachokera kwa kholo. Mayi amadziwika kuti ndi "othandizira," kutanthauza kuti adakonzanso zowonongeka, osati zowonjezereka. Wothandizira bwino samasonyeza zizindikiro za Down syndrome, koma amatha kuzipatsira ana.
Mitundu yonse ya matenda a Down syndrome ndi majini, koma 1 peresenti ya matenda a Down syndrome amachotsedwa kuchokera kwa kholo kupita kwa mwana kudzera m'magazi.
Zowopsa
Makolo ena ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga mwana ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Zaka ndi chinthu chimodzi. Mwayi wokhala ndi mwana ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakula ngati mkazi ali ndi zaka zambiri.
Kwa mayi wazaka 35, chiwopsezo chiri 1 pa 385. Pakati pa zaka 40, chiopsezochi ndi 1 pa 106. Pa 45, chiopsezo cha 1 pa 30. Pa zana la 80 mpaka 85 mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amabadwira akazi pansi pa 35.
Kuwonjezera apo, mayi yemwe ali ndi mwana mmodzi ali ndi Down syndrome amakhala ndi mwana wina ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome. Amuna ndi amai amatha kupatsirana matendawa kwa ana kudzera mukutumiza ngati ali ndi zogwirizana.
Moyo Wopitirira
M'zaka zaposachedwapa chiyembekezo cha moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome chasintha kwambiri. Mu 1983 chiyembekezo cha moyo chinali 25; lero ndi 60. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya malingaliro ndi trisomy 21 kumapeto kwa kuperewera kwa amayi kapena kubereka. 85 peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amakhala ndi zaka 1.
Zotsatira:
Chigawo cha Kuletsa Matenda (6 January 2006). "Kupititsa patsogolo Zowonjezereka kwa Zaka 18 za Kusankhidwa Kwambiri Kwambiri Kubereka, United States, 1999-2001." Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Sabata 54 (51 & 52): 1301-1305.
Huether, CA (1998). Zochitika za msinkhu wa amayi omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a Down syndrome pakati pa kubadwa kwa moyo mwa oyera ndi mitundu ina yochokera ku Ohio ndi ku Atlanta, 1970-1989. J Med Genet 35 (6): 482-490.
Ophunzira a Mayo Clinic. Down syndrome. (nd). Inabwezeredwa pa March 26, 2016, kuchokera ku http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
Gunderson Wowonongeka, Karen. Ana Amene Ali ndi Down Syndrome: Nyumba Yopangira Makolo Atsopano . 1995
Kodi Matenda Aakulu N'chiyani? (nd). Inabwezeredwa pa March 26, 2016, kuchokera ku http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/