Tonse timadziwa kuti ma ambulansi amayankha maitanidwe 911 , akuthamangira mumsewu ndi kulira kwachangu ndikuwunikira. Odwala opaleshoni ali panjira yopulumutsa miyoyo. Akafika pamalowa, amatha kuyendetsa bwino vutoli ndikupeza njira yothetsera mavuto. Wodwalayo adzakhazikika ndi kutumizidwa ku dipatimenti yowonjezera kuti athandize.
Pali zithunzi zambiri za ambulansi muzofalitsa. Ma Paramedics ndi odziwa zachipatala (EMTs) nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati opulumutsira mwadzidzidzi. Koma kuthana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi si njira yokhayo yothandiza anthu odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso EMTs omwe amapereka chithandizo kuchipatala. Ndipotu, mwinamwake si njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe amasamalira odwala.
Mabulansi amamanga chisamaliro chamakono pamodzi. Popanda iwo, ndalama zochulukirapo zomwe zimapezeka masiku ano sizikanatheka (inde, pali zoyesayesa kuthana ndi ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo).
Kupatukana kwa Odwala
Mzipatala zinayambira monga gulu la magulu okhaokha kumene madokotala angapereke odwala ambiri pamalo amodzi. Asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipatala, madokotala anali pafupi kuyendera odwala m'nyumba za odwala. Mazipatala amalola odwala osauka amatanthauza kuwonedwa ndi madokotala.
Pambuyo pake, zipatala zinakhala malo ogulitsa amodzi, kumene odwala angapeze mautumiki osiyanasiyana.
Ngakhalenso zipatala zing'onozing'ono m'madera akumidzi zingathe kubereka ana ndi kuchita opaleshoni. Kaya chipatala chinali ndi mabedi angapo kapena ambiri, ntchito zambiri zingakhale zofanana ngakhale kuti khalidweli likusiyana kwambiri. Wodwala angafunefune thandizo pa zifukwa zilizonse.
Mazipatala anasintha n'kukhala maofesi a alonda, zipinda zazikulu ndi mabedi ambiri odwala.
Kawirikawiri, mabungwe a chipatala adzagawidwa m'magulu a amuna ndi akazi ndi mtundu wa odwala: Ntchito ndi Kutumiza, Zamankhwala, ndi Opaleshoni anali ena mwa ma ward omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pake, ma ward (kapena zipinda) zowonjezera zikanatha. Ena angakhalenso ndi gawo losiyana la ana.
Silos Health
Ngakhale kuti zipatala zinali ndi odwala olekanitsidwa m'mabwalo, onse adabwera kumalo omwewo. Muzinthu zamakono zamakono, izi siziri choncho nthawi zonse. Pamene chisamaliro cha odwala chimawapindulitsa kwambiri, ndizomveka kulimbikitsa mitundu ya odwala kuzipatala zoperekedwa kuzipadera.
Pali zipatala zamaphunziro opaleshoni, komwe amangochita opaleshoni yokhayokha, monga kupalesanso ntchafu kapena opaleshoni yokongoletsa. Njira zoopsa kapena zosadulidwa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zovuta monga appendicitis kapena zoopsa zimapulumutsidwa kuzipatala ndi machitidwe ambiri achikhalidwe kapena zipatala zapadera.
Tsopano pali zipatala zoperekedwa kwa amayi ndi ana, malo opweteka, zipatala zamtima, malo opweteka, malo opatsirana khansa; ngakhale septicemia. Aliyense akhoza kukhala pansi pa chipatala kapena pamalo omwe ali ndi madokotala onse omwe angafunikire kuganizira pa odwala amodzi.
Mmene Mungasunthire Kumalo Kumalo
Fomu iyi yapamwamba ndi yofunika kwa machitidwe akuluakulu azaumoyo ndi anthu osiyanasiyana odwala.
Kuti athandize odwala, mabungwewa ayenera kukhala ndi zipatala zambiri kumene odwala angapemphe thandizo, komanso kuti athe kusuntha odwalawo kuti asamalire bwino. Kodi chipatala chimasunthira bwanji odwala malo ndi malo?
Ambulances.
Mbiri ya ambulansi ikugwiritsira ntchito ntchito yawo mofulumira kunyamula odwala ndi ovulala pazidzidzidzi. Maambulansi sanayambe kuyankha pazidzidzidzi pokhapokha. Nthaŵi zina ankatumizidwa kukasonkhanitsa omwe ali ndi matenda (khate ndi mliri, mwachitsanzo) ndikuwatenga kuti asalandire chithandizo chawo ndi kudzipatula.
Ma ambulansi akagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidzidzidzi, nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatala monga kuthandiza odwala olemera. Kugwiritsira ntchito ma ambulansi ku kayendedwe kofulumira komwe kunasintha mu usilikali. Nkhani yowonjezereka kwambiri imachokera ku chitukuko cha ma ambulansi ku asilikali a Napoleon.
Pogwiritsira ntchito ma ambulansi pachimake pa nkhondo, ovulazidwawo nthawi zambiri ankadikirira mpaka nkhondoyo itayima kuti ambulansi ifike. Dokotala wamkulu wa Napoleon anazindikira kuti ngati ambulansi idatumizidwa kale, zikhoza kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri, motero kuchepetsa kutayika ku nkhondo. Kupititsa patsogolo kupulumuka pakati pa asilikali sizinali zopindulitsa; chinali kuyang'anira njira.
Osati Mwachidwi Chake
Kuyambira pachiyambi, ma ambulansi sikuti amangokhalapo chifukwa chadzidzidzi. Kutenga wodwala kuti amutengere kuchipatala ndi ntchito imodzi yokha ya ambulansi. Ambulances amatha kusunthira-ndipo nthawi zonse amasunthira-odwala kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana mpaka nthawi zina.
Ena mwa misonkhano yakale kwambiri ya ambulansi lero ayamba kuchita chinachake osati kuyankha kuitana kwa chithandizo. Ambiri anali m'chipatala china ndipo adagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha odwala kupita kuchipatala, chomwe chimagwiritsabe ntchito ambulansi. Masiku ano, kayendedwe koterewa amatchedwa inter-facility transfer (IFT). Patapita nthawi, ma ambulansi ena adasinthika kuti apereke chisamaliro chapadera pawokha.
Pali ambulansi kwa odwala odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito namwino mmalo mwa (kapena kuwonjezerapo) odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana. Pali ma ambulansi omwe amapangidwa kuti azitengera ana asanakwane. Ma ambulansi ena ali ndi magulu othandizira omwe amaphatikiza anamwino, madokotala, opaleshoni yopuma, asing'anga, opaleshoni, opaleshoni yachipatala, kapena zonsezi.
Kupitirizabe Kusamalira
Mmalo moyankha pazidzidzidzi, ma ambulansi amene amachititsa IFTs amapereka chithandizo choyang'anira kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kumalo ena. Pakati pa zoyendetsa, wodwala amayang'aniridwa kuti atsimikizire kuti vuto lake silikusintha.
Izi sizikutanthawuza kuti zina zosamalirako zofunikira sizingakhale zofunika kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri, wodwala akusunthidwa kuchoka ku malo osapereka chisamaliro chapadera ku malo omwe angathe. Nthaŵi zina, chithandizo chofunikira chikupitilira pazombo zogulitsa kuti atsimikizire kuti wodwalayo apanga bwinobwino ndipo ali wokonzeka kulandira chisamaliro kuchipatala chatsopano.
Ogwira ntchito pa ambulansi ya IFT ndi gawo lalikulu la chithandizo cha wodwalayo. Iwo ali mbali ya gulu lachipatala monga momwe ogwira ntchito kuchipatala aliri. Popanda ntchito yofunikira imeneyi, odwala omwe akudwala masiku ano sangapeze chithandizo chimene akufunikira kuchokera kwa akatswiri omwe angathe kupereka.
Zofooka za Maphunziro
Ngakhale kuti ma ambulansi akugwira ntchito zonse zachipatala pamodzi m'dziko limene opereka chithandizo cha zaumoyo akugwiritsidwa ntchito muzipangizo zapadera; ndipo ngakhale kuti maambulansi a IFT amaposa ambulansi omwe akuyankha mayitanidwe 911 (kapena ayankhidwe ku mitundu yonse ya zopempha), maphunziro ndi maphunziro omwe amapanga azachipatala ndi odwala matenda opatsirana akudzidzimutsabe pokhapokha pazidzidzidzi.
Ophunzira azachipatala odzidzidzidwa amaphunzitsidwa kupatulidwa, kulamulira magazi , CPR , kupuma kupuma, ndi momwe angatulutse odwala kuchokera ku magalimoto atatha ngozi. Maphunziro a zachipatala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a mtima ndi odwala. Aliyense amaphunzira kuyendetsa zochitika pamtundu wambiri wa chiwonongeko (MCI). Zonsezi ndi maphunziro ofunikira kwambiri omwe sangathe kuchepetsedwa, koma mu IFT, samasulira.
Ndithudi, EMT kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ayenera kuchitapo kanthu moyenera kwa wodwala amene matenda ake amatha mwadzidzidzi paulendo, ngakhale kuti kayendetsedwe kabwino kameneka kanatuluka kuchokera kuchipatala kapena kuchokera kwa wodwalayo akuyitana 911. Monga woyendetsa ndege akuphunzitsidwa kuti asapite paulendo, koma pamene ndege yoyendetsa ndegeyo ikulephera ndipo ndege ikuvuta, othandizira opaleshoni ndi EMTs ayenera kukhala okonzekera mosayembekezereka.
Koma woyendetsa ndegeyo amaphunzitsidwa kuti aziuluka ndi woyendetsa ndegeyo. Amadziŵa bwino kwambiri zomwe zimayembekezereka. EMT samapezekanso maphunzirowa-osati monga gawo la maphunziro apadziko lonse. EMT sinaphunzitsidwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito chinthu chomwe angakhale nacho zaka zoyambirira za ntchito yake.
Kusintha Zoyembekezera
Monga ambulansi imayenera kuyendetsa odwala kuchokera ku chipinda china kupita kuchilendo, odwala ayenera kufunsa kuti ogwira ntchitoyo azitha kugwira bwino ntchitoyi. Ngati chinachake chikuyenda molakwika, EMT ili wokonzeka kulumphira mkati, koma bwanji pokhudzana ndi kusamalira chisamaliro kuchokera kuchipatala choyamba chikupitirirabe mosadutsa pa yachiwiri?
EMTs amachokera ku maphunziro awo oyambirira okonzekera kupulumutsa miyoyo ndi kuthetsa matendawa. Iwo ali olemekezeka akuyembekezera. Iwo ali okonzeka kuthamanga pamene ena akutha. Koma sizochita zomwe iwo adzasewera-osati poyamba. EMT yatsopano idzachita IFT, osati chifukwa sikofunikira. Adzachita IFT chifukwa ndi zosangalatsa. Sizimayendetsa "kutenthetsa" ndi nyali zikuwomba ndi kumveka kuti zikopa munthu wogwidwa pamoto woyaka.
IFT si wachigololo; mwina osati ku EMT yatsopano.
Izi zingasinthidwe. Ndi maphunziro abwino okhudza kufunika ndi njira za IFT, EMTs ndi othandizira anthu odwala matendawa adzalandira gawo latsopano. Iwo adzachita izo ndi kuzichita bwino malinga ngati akudziwa zomwe angayembekezere ndi kukhala nazo zida zogwirira ntchitoyo.
Odwala adzapindula ndi kayendedwe ka thanzi labwino, kumene gulu la ambulansi ndilo gawo limodzi la gululo ndipo kusamuka kuchoka ku malo kupita ku malo sikumakhala kofooka pa chisamaliro cha odwala.
> Zotsatira:
> Mbiri ya Mzipatala ndi Wards . (2016). Healthcaredesignmagazine.com .
> Mphamvu ya Dominique Jean Larrey pa zojambulajambula ndi sayansi yotsutsa. (2016). Sciencedirect.com .
> Kulshrestha, A. & Singh, J. (2016). Kupititsa kuchipatala ndi intra-chipatala kusamutsa: Zochitika zatsopano. Indian Journal Of Anesthesia , 60 (7), 451. doi: 10.4103 / 0019-5049.186012
> Samuels, David J, et al. Katswiri wa Zamankhwala Odzidzimutsa-Wachikulu: National Standard Curriculum. (1997) . US Department of Transportation.