Cerebral palsy imatanthauzidwa ngati kubadwa kwa thupi (pakali pano pakubadwa kapena posakhalitsa kubadwa) kuperewera kwa luso lamagalimoto kapena malingaliro omwe amachititsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena mavuto oyamba a ubongo omwe anachitika panthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi mimba kapena atangoyamba kumene kubadwa kwake . Cerebral palsy ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza kufooka kwa magalimoto a ubongo (brain) etiology.
Kukhudza ana pafupifupi 1 mwa 500 ndi akulu , pali zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zoopsa za vutoli.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo zikhoza kuchitika popanda kukula kwa chikhalidwe ichi. Siziwonekeratu chifukwa chake ana ena omwe amakumana ndi zochitikazi amakhala ndi ubongo wa thupi ndipo ena samatero.
Idiopathic
Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a ubongo. Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo, ngati mwana kapena mwana wanu watulukira kuti gulu lanu lachipatala silingathe kudziwa chifukwa.
Ambiri mwa ana amene amapezeka kuti ali ndi vutoli sakudziwika kuti amadziwika ndi zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa kapena zoopsa, amakhala ndi mayesero ochiritsira a ubongo ndipo alibe zochitika zowonongeka zokhudzana ndi matenda a ubongo.
Zovuta Zambiri za M'bongo
Nthawi zina, kuyesedwa kwa mwana kapena munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi ubongo waumphawi angasonyeze njira za malformation mu maonekedwe a ubongo.
Mbali zina za ubongo zingakhale zazikulu kapena zazing'ono kusiyana ndi zowonjezera kapena zovuta zachilendo. Zikuluzikulu kusiyana ndi malo omwe amadzaza ndi madzimadzi angakhalepo nthawi zina.
Nthawi zina, kufufuza zojambula kungasonyeze ubongo wa ubongo umene sungasinthidwe kukula kapena mawonekedwe, monga mu cortical dysplasia, momwe ziwalo za ubongo sizimasamukira kumalo awo abwino.
Chifukwa cha chitukuko chopanda ubongo sichidziwikiratu.
Hypoxia
Pamene mwana wosabadwa wosabadwa kapena mwana wakhanda ali ndi vuto la kusowa mpweya, ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa, izi zingawononge ubongo wa mwanayo. Mankhwala a hypoxia angathe kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana monga matenda a amayi, matenda aakulu a amayi, ndi mavuto pamene akugwira ntchito komanso yobereka.
Matenda
Matenda ena a amayi angakhudze ubongo wa mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza ubongo omwe amawoneka ngati matenda a ubongo, makamaka ngati amapititsa patsogolo matenda opatsirana monga sepsis.
Zovuta
Kusokonezeka kwa amayi kumakhudza ubongo wa mwana m'njira zingapo, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a ubongo. Kutaya mwazi wamagazi kapena mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wokhalapo chifukwa cha kupsinjika mtima kungachititse mwana wamba akuvutika ndi hypoxia. Zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwapweteketseni zingapangitsenso mwanayo njira zomwe zimatsogolera kapena kuwonjezera kuumitsa kwa ubongo.
Matenda osokoneza bongo
Mwana wakhanda amene alikutukuka kapena mwana wakhanda amatha kupwetekedwa , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto lotha kugwidwa ndi matenda kapena ubongo. Chifukwa cha kupwetekedwa sikungadziwike, kapena chikhoza kukhala chokhudzana ndi matenda a amayi kapena kuika magazi.
Weight Low Birth
Kulemera kwake kwachepa kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda a cerebral palsy. Makamaka, makanda omwe amalemera makilogalamu osachepera anayi ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha ubongo wa khanda kusiyana ndi ana omwe amalemera kwambiri.
Kusadetsedwa
Ana omwe amabadwa patatha masabata makumi asanu ndi awiri (28) kutayika-omwe ali masabata khumi ndi awiri osachepera nthawi (masabata 40) ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a ubongo kusiyana ndi ana omwe asanakwane.
Mavuto a Ntchito ndi Kutumiza
Zochitika zoopsa panthawi yovutika ndi kubereka zingachititse kuti mwana asamapanikizika kwambiri komanso akhoza kubweretsa zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo, monga zochitika zowonongeka komanso hypoxia.
Zakudya
Zolakolako zina za zakudya zingayambitse ubongo. Kulephera kochepa kwa vitamini ndi mineral, monga folic acid deficiency, kungawononge kwambiri ubongo wa mwanayo. Kuwonongeka kwa kalori koopsa chifukwa cha matenda a amayi, kusowa kwa chakudya kapena chifukwa china cha njala, kungathandizenso kuti ubongo ukhale wofooka.
Matenda ochepa a amayi
Amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi pakati omwe ali ndi pakati pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ali ndi thanzi labwino. Komabe matenda monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa magazi, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a impso kapena matenda a mtima angayambitse kusokoneza magazi, zakudya, ndi mpweya kwa mwana amene akukula.
Matenda ena amachititsa zinthu monga bilirubin, ammonia kapena poizoni ena kuti aziika kapena kumanga thupi la mwana, zomwe zimawononga ubongo wa mwanayo.
Genetics
Udindo wa ma genetic mu ubongo waumphawi siwoneke bwino. Kawirikawiri, anthu akhala akuganiza kuti chibadwidwe chimangokhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha milandu. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti zovuta zachibadwa zitha kukhala magwero a ziwalo zambiri za matenda a ubongo omwe poyamba ankaganiza.
Chibadwa cha ubongo waumphawi chimatchedwa kuti autosomal recessive, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuti chikhalidwecho chiwonetseke, mwana yemwe adzalandira choloĊµa cha ubongo waumphawi ayenera kutenga zobadwa zoyipa za makolo onse, omwe alibe zizindikiro za chikhalidwe chawo.
Zina zosawerengeka zimakhala zobadwa, pamene zina ndi za novo-kutanthauza kuti ndizo zatsopano zosabadwa zomwe zimachokera mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo kapena mmodzi mwa makolo a mwanayo popanda kukhalapo m'banja.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a cerebral palsy, makamaka ndi kusintha kwa ma geneso, zimaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha mtundu wa genomic. Izi ndizigawo za majeremusi zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza komanso mobwerezabwereza pa chromosome, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Pakalipano, palibe jini imodzi yomwe yadziwika kuti ndi jini yomwe imayambitsa matenda a ubongo, ndipo ofufuza apeza zosawerengeka zambiri zomwe zimachititsa kuti aliyense akhale ndi vutoli.
Zamoyo Zowopsa
Pali njira zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amabwera ndi matenda a ubongo, ndipo izi ndizoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mimba ya mayi kapena nthawi yobereka ndi yobereka.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi iliyonse ya mimba kungapangitse ubongo waumphawi. Mankhwala ena monga cocaine ndi methamphetamine amatha kuwonetsa magazi ndi ntchito ya mayi komanso mayi amene akukula mwa njira zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo m'mimba yomwe ilibe khanda kapena panthawi yobereka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumapangitsanso mwayi wodwala matenda panthawi yopuma ndi kubereka.
Zosakaniza Zovomerezeka
Mankhwala ena olimbitsa thupi samavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, chifukwa akhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha mavuto osiyanasiyana kwa mwanayo, kuphatikizapo ubongo wodwalayo.
Mavuto a Zachilengedwe
Zomwe zili m'chilengedwe, monga katchi, mercury, kutsogolera, zina zowonongeka ndi mankhwala, zimatha kuyamwa kapena kukakamizidwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi pakati ndipo zimatha kufika ku thupi lake la mwana, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi ubongo monga cerebral palsy.
> Zotsatira:
> Maclennan AH, Thompson SC, Gecz J. Kufalikira kwa ubongo: zimayambitsa, njira, ndi gawo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 213 (6): 779-88.
> Zarrei M, Fehlings DL, Mawjee K, ndi al. De novo ndi nambala zosawerengeka za chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha nthenda yotchedwa hemiplegic ya cerebral palsy. Genet Med. 2018; 20 (2): 172-180.