Mchitidwe wongopeka ndi lamulo lachidule kapena lingaliro la maganizo limene limalola anthu kuti asankhe mwanzeru mwamsanga ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Pali magulu angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kuyesa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a zaumoyo (EHRs). Nkhaniyi iwonanso "10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design" komanso "Zomwe Zingatheke Zomwe Zingatheke Kuwonetsa" komanso kupereka zitsanzo za momwe zida zogwirira ntchito zingasamalire kapena kuphwanyidwa mu EHR.
1. Kuwoneka kwa Chikhalidwe Chadongosolo
"Njirayi iyenera nthawi zonse kuti olembawo adziwe zomwe zikuchitika, kupyolera mwa ndondomeko yoyenera pa nthawi yoyenera."
Heuristic yanena kuti: Pamene EHR imatumiza njira yothandizira odwala (CPOE) kuti atumize mankhwala ovomerezeka kwa mankhwala, mwachitsanzo-EHR imasonyeza momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera. EHR imachenjeza wogwiritsa ntchito ngati kutaya kwalephera kwalephera.
Wokonda zachinyengo akuphwanya: EHR sichisonyeza malo omwe alipo, kotero kuti wosuta sangathe kudziwa ngati dongosololo latumizidwa bwino kapena ayi.
2. Mgwirizano pakati pa dongosolo ndi dziko lenileni
"Njirayi iyenera kulankhula chinenero cha ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi mawu, mawu ndi malingaliro odziwika bwino kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, m'malo mwa mawu otsogolera. Tsatirani misonkhano yapadziko lonse, kupanga chidziwitso chiwonekere mwa dongosolo lachirengedwe ndi lolunjika. "
Heuristic yanena kuti: Mankhwala opangira mankhwala m'miyambo yambiri, monga "Lisinopril 20 mg kamodzi pamilomo."
Olemba zamatsenga anaphwanya: Zopangidwe zowonjezeredwa ziri kunja kwa dongosolo.
Mauthengawa amati: Zofotokozera zitsanzo za polojekiti yopita patsogolo (mwachitsanzo, kupenda machitidwe, kuunika kwa thupi) kumawonetsedwa motsatira ndondomeko ndi chidziwitso cha chinenero kuchipatala.
Wokonda zachinyengo anaphwanya: Zolemba kunja kwa dongosolo.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Ufulu
"Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amasankha ntchito zawo mwachinyengo ndipo amafunikira chizindikiro chodziwika bwino kuti achoke kudziko losafunika popanda kuyankhulana. Thandizani kusiya ndi kubwereranso. "
Heuristic inati: EHR imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha, kubwereza, kusunga, ndi kuletsa kusintha kosapulumutsidwa ku CPOE ndi ndondomeko zamankhwala asanamalize.
Kuchita zachiwerewere kunaphwanya: EHR siimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha patsogolo pa CPOE ndi ndondomeko zachipatala zatha.
4. Kugwirizana ndi Ctandards
"Ogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kudabwa ngati mawu, zochitika, kapena zochita zosiyana zimatanthauza chinthu chomwecho. Tsatirani misonkhano yachigawo. "
Heuristic yanena kuti: EHR imapereka njira imodzi yokha yopangira CPOE (ngakhale kuti wogwiritsa ntchito angapeze njirayo kuchokera njira zingapo).
Munthu wodzinenera anaphwanya: Zopereka EHR zimapangitsa kuti "azikonzanso" ndi "kuyambiranso" mankhwala popanda kufotokoza kusiyana kwake (ngati pali kusiyana kulikonse) pakati pa awiriwo.
Heuristic inanena kuti: EHR ikuwonekeratu kuti njira zosiyana siyana posankha vuto lachipatala kuchokera ku menyu (mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi) zingayambitse vuto m'magulu a mbiri yakale ya zachipatala, mavuto omwe akugwira, ma diagnosenti, kapena mavoti okhudzidwa.
Wokonda zachinyengo anaphwanya: EHR sichisonyeza momveka bwino momwe njira zosiyana zothetsera vuto lachipatala zidzaika vutoli m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
5. Kulakwitsa Kupewa
"Ngakhalenso bwino kuposa mauthenga abwino olakwika ndi makonzedwe osamala omwe amaletsa vuto kuti lisachitike poyambirira. Pewani zochitika zolakwika kapena kuyang'ana kwa iwo ndi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitsimikiziro musanachitepo kanthu. "
Heuristic yanena kuti: EHR mayeso a kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mawonetsedwe oyenera akuchenjeza mwamsanga kuyendetsa.
Wokonda zachinyengo anaphwanya: EHR imasonyeza machenjezo othandizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo mochedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti adokotala aziwagonjetsa (Hayward 2013).
Heuristic inanena kuti: EHR siimalola wosuta kusankha mankhwala a mankhwala a mankhwala omwe apamtima samalola mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, zinthu zowonongeka).
Kuchita zachiwerewere kunaphwanya: EHR imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kusankha magetsi pamagetsi.
6. Kuzindikiridwa Osati Kukumbukira
"Machepetsa kuchepetsa kukumbukira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito popanga zinthu, zochita, ndi zosankha. Wosuta sayenera kukumbukira zambiri kuchokera kumbali imodzi ya zokambirana. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito dongosolo ayenera kuwonekera kapena mosavuta kupezeka pamene kuli koyenera. "
Heuristic inanena kuti: EHR imawonetsa zotsatira zoyesera pambali pawindo la kulembera uthenga kwa wodwalayo za zotsatira za mayesero.
Wokonda zachinyengo akuphwanya: EHR imalepheretsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana zotsatira za kuyesa pamene akulemba uthenga kwa wodwalayo.
7. Kusinthasintha ndi Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino
"Opelerators-osawoneka ndi wogwiritsa ntchito-nthawi zambiri amatha kufulumizitsa kuyanjana kwa wogwiritsa ntchito katswiri kotero kuti dongosolo likhoza kuthandiza abwenzi onse osadziŵa zambiri ndi ozindikira. Lolani ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha zochita zambiri. "
Heuristic yanena kuti: Wosuta EHR akhoza kupanga ndi kusinthira mndandanda wa "zokondedwa" mndandanda wa malamulo ovomerezeka.
Uchikulire unaphwanya: Palibe mndandanda wa zokonda.
8. Zokongoletsera ndi Zochita Zapang'ono
"Zokambirana siziyenera kukhala ndi uthenga womwe suli wofunikira kapena wosafunikira. Chilichonse chowonjezera cha chidziwitso mu zokambirana chimapikisana ndi zigawo zowonjezera zowonongeka ndipo zimachepetsa kuwoneka kwawo kwachibale. "
Heuristic inanena kuti: EHR imachepetsa kuthekera kolemba-kuphatikiza pazinthu zomwe zikupita patsogolo.
Kuchita zachiwerewere kunaphwanya: EHR imaloleza kukopera kophatikiza, ndipo ndondomeko zowonjezereka zimasinthidwa ndi chidziwitso chopanda pake .
9. Thandizani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Kuzindikira, Kusanthula, ndi Kupeza Zolakwa
"Mauthenga olakwika ayenera kufotokozedwa m'zinenero zosavuta (palibe zizindikiro), zisonyezerani bwino vuto, ndipo mwaluso mukupereka yankho."
Heuristic anati: Ngati kachipatala akulowetsa mauthenga olakwika, mauthenga a EHR amasonyeza mtundu womwe ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Wokonda zachinyengo akuphwanya: EHR imawonetsa uthenga wolakwika wobadwa popanda kuuza wodwala momwe angakonzere zolakwikazo.
10. Thandizo ndi Malemba
"Ngakhale zili bwino ngati dongosolo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda zolemba, zingakhale zofunikira kupereka chithandizo ndi zolemba. Zomwe zili choncho ziyenera kukhala zophweka kuti zifufuze, zongoganizira ntchito ya wogwiritsa ntchito, lembani ndondomeko zenizeni zoti zichitike, ndipo zisakhale zazikulu kwambiri. "
Heuristic yanena kuti: EHR ili ndi mauthenga othandizira ntchito pamene wogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi akuyang'ana pazithunzi.
Kulemba kwachinyengo kunaphwanya: Zolembedwa ndizosokonezeka kupeza malo opangira ntchito mu EHR.
Zotsatira
Armijo D, McDonnell C, Werner K. Electronic Health Record Usability: Kufufuza ndi Kugwiritsira ntchito Makhalidwe. AHRQ Kulengeza Na. 09 (10) -0091-1-EF. Rockville, MD: Nthambi ya Healthcare Research ndi Quality. October 2009.
Hayward J et al. 'Kwambiri, mochedwa': njira zosakanikirana zojambulira mavidiyo pa makina othandizira kupanga zisankho ndi ma GP. J Am Med Lembani Lero 2013; 0: 1-9. lembani: 10.1136 / amiajnl-2012-001484.
Nielsen J. 10 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zopangidwira kwa Zopangidwe Zamagwiritsa Ntchito.