Amayi amtunduwu sali okhudzidwa ndi umoyo wa anthu omwe poyamba anali, koma akupitiriza kulamula ulemu chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoipa. Matenda a tizilombo amafalitsidwa pafupifupi ndi zilonda za nyama, ndipo ngati sakusamalidwa, amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda kuphatikizapo malungo, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwambiri, kupweteka kwa minofu, kufooka, ndi kusokonezeka maganizo.
Amayi amatha kupewa ndi katemera mmodzi wa FDA. Mapepala angapo, atangoyamba kuluma, amatha kuthandiza anthu osadziletsa kuti athetse matendawa. Mwamwayi, pamene zizindikiro zikuwoneka, matendawa nthawi zambiri amafa.
Malingana ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), maulendo 23 okha a chiwewe cha anthu akhala akufotokozedwa ku US kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2017.
Zizindikiro
Pazigawo zoyambirira za matenda, pangakhale zizindikiro zochepa, ngati ziripo, osati chiwindi kapena mutu. Nthawi pakati pa chiwonetsero ndi zizindikiro za matenda, zomwe zimadziwika kuti nthawi yosakanikirana, zimatha kuthamanga kulikonse kuyambira masiku 20 mpaka 90.
Pamene matendawa akupita ndikupita ku ubongo, zizindikiro za encephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo) ndi meningitis (kutupa kwa ziwalo zomwe zili pafupi ndi ubongo ndi mzere wa msana) zidzakula. Panthawi ina ya matenda, munthu akhoza kuyamba kuona zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso zozizwitsa, kuphatikizapo
- Kutaya njala
- Nsowa ndi kusanza
- Chisamaliro kuunika
- Kunyalanyaza kwakukulu
- Nkhawa ndi kusokonezeka
- Paranoia
- Mchitidwe wosaipa (kuphatikizapo chiwawa ndi zoopsa)
- Hallucinations
- Hydrophobia (ludzu losadziwika loti silingathe kumeza kapena kusonyeza mantha pokhapokha ataperekedwa ndi madzi akumwa)
- Kugonjetsa
- Kufa ziwalo
Kuyambira pano, matendawa akhoza kupita patsogolo mofulumira, kutsogolera ku delirium, coma, ndi imfa masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena khumi. Pomwe zizindikiro zowonjezereka zikuwonekera, mankhwala sakhala ogwira mtima.
Matendawa kwenikweni amatchedwa hydrophobia (mantha a madzi) chifukwa cha chizindikiro cha namesake.
Zimayambitsa
Amuna amtunduwu amayamba ndi gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda lotchedwa lyssavirus , limene lili ndi mavuto 14 a nyama. Vutoli likhoza kupezeka m'mwamba kwambiri m'matumbo ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ya chirombo kapena munthu. Kuwotcha nyama ndi njira yoyamba yofalitsira, ngakhale kuti matendawa akhoza kupitsidwanso pogwira nyama zakufa. Kutumizirana pakati pa anthu ndi kovuta kwambiri.
Munthu akamangomva, kuvulala, kapena kutuluka m'madzi amadzimadzi (mwina kupyolera m'maso, mphuno, pakamwa, kapena khungu losweka), kachilombo kameneka kamadutsa m'mitsempha ya mkatikatikati mpaka pamtsempha ndi ubongo.
Ku United States, kukwapula ndi njira yowonjezereka kwambiri yofalitsa kwa nyama, kupita kwa anthu, kumatsatira kulumidwa kwa agalu opweteka. Zinyama zina za ku North America zomwe zimapezeka ndi matendawa zimakhala raccoons, skunks, nkhandwe, ng'ombe, coyotes, ndi amphaka.
Mayiko omwe ali ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha ziŵeto zakutchire ndi Texas, Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, New Jersey, Georgia, ndi California.
Kudziwa
Pakadali pano, palibe mayesero omwe amapezeka kuti apeze matenda a chiwewe cha anthu asanakhalepo. Zoterezi, mankhwala ayambitsidwa mwadzidzidzi ngati munthu walumidwa ndi nyama zakutchire kapena nyama iliyonse yomwe imayesedwa kuti ili ndi chiwewe. Chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha matenda a chiwewe, palibe chifukwa chodikira.
Zomwe zikunenedwa, ngati nyama yodalirika ikufa, mayesero angathe kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti matendawa atenga zitsanzo kuchokera ku ubongo. Ngati pali chinyama chodabwitsa, chiweto chidzachichotsa kuti minofu ya ubongo ikhoze kuyesedwa.
Chithandizo
Nthawi ndizofunika kwambiri ngati chiwerengero cha rabies chikuyembekezeredwa.
Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zinayi za katemera wa rabies komanso kuwombera kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asatengere matenda a rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG). HRIG ili ndi ma antibodies omwe amateteza mthupi mwamsanga kuti athetse matenda a chiwewe mpaka katemera atha kuyamba kugwira ntchito.
HRIG imapatsidwa kwa anthu omwe sanayambe atapatsidwa katemera wa chiwewe. Iyo imayikidwa mwachindunji ku chilonda. Zotsala zonse zikanatengedwera mu minofu kutali ndi kumene katemera katemera. (Kujambulira HRIG pafupi kwambiri ndi malo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito katemera kungadwalitse chitetezo cha mthupi.)
Pali madongosolo awiri a HRIG omwe amavomereza cholinga ichi:
- Imogam Rabies-HT (anthu amtundu wa rabies immune globulin)
- HyperRab TM S / D (anthu amtundu wa rabies immune globulin)
Chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika mofulumira ndipo pasanathe masiku khumi pambuyo poonekera. Mfuti yoyamba ya HRIG ndi katemera wa rabies imaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo; Majekesiti ena atatu opatsirana amapatsidwa katatu, asanu ndi awiri, ndi 14 patapita masiku.
Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofewa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kwajambulira malo ndi malungo.
Kupewa
Pali mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a rabies omwe amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States, zonsezi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komwe sikungayambitse matenda:
- Imovax (katemera wa diploid cell)
- RabAvert (katemera wa chitetezo cha nkhuku choyeretsedwa)
Zonsezi zimaperekedwa ndi jekeseni mu minofu ya mkono wapamwamba m'zigawo zitatu. Pambuyo pa kuwombera koyamba, wachiwiri amaperekedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri kenako, ndipo lachitatu lapatsidwa masiku 14 mpaka 21 zitachitika.
Ngakhale zotsatira zake zimakhala zofewa (kuphatikizapo jekeseni ululu, chizungulire, kupwetekedwa mutu, ndi kunyoza), anthu ena adziwa kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu komanso lothetsa mliri lomwe limatchedwa anaphylaxis. Ndi chifukwa chake RabAvert ayenera kupeŵa anthu omwe ali ndi dzira lodziwika bwino ndipo amalowetsedwa ndi Imovax.
Kawirikawiri, mndandanda wa katemera wa rabies umakupatsani zaka khumi za chitetezo cha mthupi. Kwa omwe ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda a chiwewe, mphutsi zowonjezera zingaperekedwe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse mpaka zaka ziwiri, monga pakufunikira. Anthu omwe ali pangozi yaikulu ndi awa:
- Anthu omwe amakumana ndi nyama zakutchire m'madera omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chotchedwa rabies amadziwika (kuphatikizapo akuluakulu a zakutchire, azimayi, antchito a zinyama, ndi a mapanga)
- Anthu oyenda m'mayiko osiyanasiyana omwe angakumane ndi nyama kumadera ena padziko lapansi kumene chiwopsezo chimakhalapo
Mawu Ochokera
Kupambana kumene ogwira ntchito zachipatala akhala akudziletsa kuthetsa chiwewe ku United States sikutheka chifukwa cha katemera wochuluka wa ziweto zoweta. Dziko lirilonse liri ndi malamulo a katemera wa chiwewe kupatulapo Kansas, Missouri, ndi Ohio. Izi zikuti, pakati pa iwo omwe amachititsa, malamulo akhoza kusiyana ndi nthawi yomwe katemera amatha, kufunika kolimbikitsidwa, komanso ngati agalu amafunikira koma amphaka sakufuna.
Ziribe kanthu zomwe malamulo a dziko lanu akunena, nkofunika kuteteza chiweto chanu ndi kutsatira chithandizo cha mankhwala a rabies kutsogoleredwa ndi American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).
Kuti izi zitheke, agalu, amphaka, ndi ferrets ayenera kupatsidwa mlingo umodzi wa katemera wa rabies pasanapite nthawi yaitali kuposa miyezi itatu, motsogoleredwa ndi ziphuphu zowonongeka chaka chimodzi, ndipo zina zowonjezera zipolopolo zimaperekedwa zaka zitatu zotsatira.
Mwa kuteteza chiweto chanu, mudzakhalanso kuteteza banja lanu ndi dera lanu.
> Zotsatira:
> American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). Katemera wa Amayi. Lakewood, Colorado; inatulutsa 2017.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Makhalidwe a Anthu. Atlanta, Georgia; zasinthidwa pa August 23, 2017.
> CDC. Amayi achilonda Odwala - Amuna aakazi Amadzimadzi a Immune Globulin. Kusinthidwa pa March 23, 2016.
> Inusaf, M .; Qasim, M ;; Zia, S. ndi al. Rabies molecular virology, matenda, matenda, ndi mankhwala. Virol J. 2012; 9:50. Kodi 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.