Potaziyamu ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimafala m'thupi mwathu, makamaka zomwe zili mkati mwa maselo athu. Hyperkalemia ndilo liwu lapamwamba la potaziyamu m'magazi anu. Mbali yowonjezera ya potaziyamu ya anthu akuluakulu imatengedwa 3.6 mpaka 5.2 mEq / L. Ngati msinkhu wanu ufika pamwamba pa 6 mEq / L, mufunika chithandizo nthawi yomweyo chifukwa maulendo apamwamba akhoza kukhala owopsa ngati atakhala okwera kwambiri.
Hyperkalemia kawirikawiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda a impso, koma ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena ndi zinthu monga matenda a mtima, shuga, khansa, ndi mankhwala ena.
Kumvetsetsa Electrolytes
Kuti mumvetsetse kuti n'chifukwa chiyani potaziyamu ndi ofunikira komanso zomwe zingawathandize kuti ziwonjezeke kapena kuchepa, ndizothandiza kudziwa momwe electrolytes amagwirira ntchito m'thupi. Anthu ambiri amadziwika ndi electrolytes kuchokera ku Gatorade kapena Pedialyte malonda omwe amatsitsimutsa kutaya thupi pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kapena kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba mwa Pedialyte) kuti awononge magulu athu a electrolyte. Ngakhale kuti zomwe zili mu malonda ndi zoona, sizikutanthauzira zovuta za electrolytes ndi momwe zimakhalira zovuta thupi lanu.
M'mawu ophweka kwambiri, electrolytes ndi mchere wambiri omwe akamasungunuka m'madzi mosiyana ndi ions zamagetsi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya electrolyte, koma sodium, potaziyamu, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, sulphate, magnesium, ndi phosphate zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la munthu.
Thupi lathu limadalira potaziyamu kuti athetse mphamvu ya magazi, mitsempha yamphamvu, ntchito yeniyeni ya insulini ndi mahomoni ena osiyanasiyana, m'mimba motility, kuchepa kwa asidi, kugwira ntchito kwa impso, ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi electrolyte.
Kupyolera mu mahomoni, njira zodziwika, ndi otumiza katundu, impso ndizoyang'anitsitsa kuyang'anira ndondomeko ndi kuchuluka kwa electrolyte ndi madzi m'thupi.
Chitsanzo choyamba cha momwe impso zimayendera madzi ndi electrolytes ndi kukodza. Pamene thupi lanu liri ndi madzi owonjezera, mkodzo wanu ukuwonjezeka. Mthupi lanu likasokonezeka, mkodzo wanu umachepa. Kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kumathamangitsidwa mu thupi lanu kudzera mu mkodzo, thukuta, ndi gawo la kudya. Impso zili ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi otsika kapena madzi apamwamba kapena electrolyte mu thupi. Pamene miyeso ikuwonjezeka kapena imachepa, impso zimayamba kuyankha nthawi yomweyo. Kukhala ndi ludzu ndi chitsanzo chofunika kwambiri cha momwe matupi athu amachitira akamachepetsa madzi.
Mankhwala apamwamba a potaziyamu amatha kusokoneza momwe ziwalo zina zimagwirira ntchito ndipo zingathe kupha ngati zisatululidwe. Chifukwa hyperkalemia ingakhale yoopsa kwambiri, ma potaziyamu okwera ayenera kuchitidwa mozama, ngakhale asanatuluke zizindikiro.
Zizindikiro
Potaziyamu imakhala ndi ntchito yofunika pamtima ndi m'thupi, kotero pamene msinkhu uli pamwamba, mtima, mitsempha, ndi minofu nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito potassium yochepa, simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, koma ngati zigawo zikuwonjezeka, zizindikiro zanu zingaphatikizepo:
- Kufooka kwa minofu kapena malo ochepa
- Kutopa
- Kupuma pang'ono ndi hyperventilation
- Nsowa ndi kusanza
- Kufa ziwalo
- Kusinkhasinkha
- Mtima arrhythmias (nyimbo zosasinthasintha za mtima), zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri
- Kusokonezeka
- Kugonjetsedwa, kukhumudwa, ndi imfa pamene masitepe ali aakulu kwambiri
Zimayambitsa
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapangitse kuti potaziyamu iwonjezeke , koma zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndizovuta monga impso zolephera kapena matenda a impso. Zina zomwe zimayambitsa zifukwa ndizo:
- Matenda a Addison
- Mankhwala ena monga angiotensin II receptor blockers, mavitamini otembenuza angiotensin (ACE) inhibitors, mankhwala osakanikirana ndi anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), ndi beta blockers
- Kusakaniza potaziyamu wambiri, monga chakudya, zowonjezeretsa potaziyamu, kapena m'malo amchere
- Kutaya madzi m'thupi
- Thirani shuga 1
- Maselo ofiira amagawidwa chifukwa cha kuwotchera kapena kuvulala kwakukulu
- Tumor lysis syndrome
- Kuika magazi
Kudziwa
Ndikofunika kutsimikiza kuti muli ndi hyperkalemia yeniyeni. Hyperkalemia imapezeka mwa kupima kwa magazi komwe kumayang'ana ntchito ya impso ndi ma potaziyamu, mayesero a mkodzo, ndi / kapena matenda a mtima. Pakati pa mayesero onsewa, dokotala wanu adzatha kukudziwani kuti muli ndi hyperkalemia mwamsanga ngati muli nachodi.
Nthawi zina mayeso anu a magazi angasonyeze kuti muli ndi potaziyamu yapamwamba pomwe simunatero, chodabwitsa chomwe chimatchedwa pseudohyperkalemia. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngati maselo ofiira mumagazi amagazi, atulutsa potaziyamu muzitsanzo. Zitha kuchitikanso ngati zovuta zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphindi zingapo panthawi yomwe magazi akukoka pamene akuyang'ana mitsempha, makamaka ngati mutsegula ndi kutseka chifuwa chanu mobwerezabwereza kuti mukulitse mitsempha yanu.
Pseudohyperkalemia ikhozanso kupezeka pamene muli ndi selo loyera kwambiri la magazi kapena chiwerengero cha mapulogalamu. Ngati potaziyamu yapamwamba imapezeka pamene mulibe chifukwa chomveka cha hyperkalemia, ndipo ngati mulibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro za hyperkalemia, kuyezetsa magazi kumafunika kubwerezedwa. Ndi pseudohyperkalemia, seramu potaziyamu mlingo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa plasma potaziyamu mlingo. Chifukwa cha ichi, madokotala ena amakonda kumwa magazi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito plasma kuti muonetsetse kuti mulibe pseudohyperkalemia.
Chithandizo
Nthawi zambiri hyperkalemia ndi yofatsa ndipo imatha kuchiritsidwa potsekereza potaziyamu mu zakudya zanu ndi kuchiza chifukwa choyambitsa. Ngati ndizovuta kwambiri, chithandizo cha mankhwala chingaphatikizepo:
- Diuretics (mapiritsi a madzi)
- Katemera wa shuga ndi insulini
- IV calcium
- Potaziyamu imatenga mankhwala
- Dialysis
- Amagulu osakanikirana ndi amphaka monga Patiromer, omwe amamanga potaziyamu m'thupi mwachitsulo chosinthanitsa ndi calcium
Zakudya
Kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti potaziyamu ikhale yofunika kwambiri ngati muli ndi matenda a impso kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimakuika pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga hyperkalemia. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kapena kupewa zakudya zomwe zili ndi potassium, kuphatikizapo zakudya zambiri za mkaka, masamba, zipatso, nyemba zouma komanso mtedza.
Mawu Ochokera
Hyperkalemia ndi mkhalidwe woopsa, koma ukhoza kusinthidwa bwino. Pamene potaziyamu yaying'ono ikuchitika, nkofunika kuti dokotala wanu ayambe mwamsanga kufufuza msinkhu wanu wa pangozi ndikugwira ntchito kuti mutenge magazi anu a potassium. N'kofunikanso kuti mupeze chomwe chimayambitsa matenda anu a hyperkalemia kuti athe kuchiritsidwa, ngati kuli koyenera, kuti pakhale njira zothandizira kuti chitetezo cha hyperkalemia chisadzachitikenso.
> Zotsatira:
> Chipatala cha Mayo Clinic. Potaziyamu (Hyperkalemia). Chipatala cha Mayo. Idasinthidwa pa January 11, 2018.
> Meng QH, Wagar EA. Pseudohyperkalemia: Kusintha Kwatsopano pa Phenomenon yakale. Maphunziro Othandiza ku Clinical Laboratory Science . 2015; 52 (2): 45-55. do: 10.3109 / 10408363.2014.966898.
> Phiri la DB. Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza Hyperkalemia mwa Achikulire. Zaposachedwa. Idasinthidwa pa December 18, 2017.
> Wilson FP, Berns JS. Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Zovuta Zatsopano ndi Zomwe Zachitika Posachedwa. Kupititsa patsogolo pa Matenda Osokoneza Matenda . 2014; 21 (1): 18-26. lembani: 10.1053 / j.ackd.2013.07.001.