Momwe Milandu ya California Inangowonongeka Lamulo Lake labwino la Asamariya
Malinga ndi chigamulo cha khoti lachilolezo cha California, chokhazikitsidwa, chikhazikitso cha malamulo a California WachiSamariya Wabwino onse koma chinapangitsa kukhala chopanda pake kwa anthu omwe ayenera kuwateteza. Khoti Lalikulu ku California mu December 2008, linagamula chisankho chosayenerera.
Mabwalo amilandu adathetsa lamulo labwino la Samamaria la California.
Chitetezo cha Machitidwe Osadzikonda
Malamulo abwino a Asamaria akutetezedwa kuti anthu otetezeka omwe, popanda chifukwa china, osati chifundo, abwere kuthandiza anthu anzawo omwe akusowa thandizo.
Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti, malinga ngati mutathandiza popanda kuyembekezera kulipira kapena mphotho, simudzakhala ndi udindo wokhotetsa zinthu pamene mukuyesera kuthandiza - malinga ngati simukuwongolera m'njira yoti anthu achikulire omwe sakudziwa kuti asamachite. Dziko lililonse ku US liri ndi mtundu wina wa lamulo labwino lachiSamariya.
Chigamulo pa March 21, 2007, ndi California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, Gawo lachitatu, lomwe limangokhala lamulo la California la Msamariya Wabwino Lamulo - amene mukutsatira pamene mukuima pa ngozi ya galimoto - zokhazo zomwe zingatheke zifotokozedwe ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa.
Kodi Chithandizo cha Zamankhwala Chokhalitsa N'chiyani?
Chabwino, icho ndi chopaka. Khotilo linagamula kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa sichinaphatikizepo kupulumutsira, chomwe chinali chotsutsana pa nkhaniyi. Wopulumutsa payekha adakoka munthu wovulazidwa kuchokera mu galimoto yomwe wopulumutsiyu ankaganiza kuti akukagwira moto. Wopwetekedwayo anafa ziwalo ndipo panalibe kutsutsana kwakukulu ngati zochita za wopulumutsa kapena kuwonongeka zinayambitsa ziwalo.
Mfundo yoonekeratu pano: palibe kuwonongeka kofanana ndi kuvulala komwe kuli kosafunikira kopulumutsika nkomwe .
Lolani izi zilowemo musanaganize ngati kuwonongeka kapena kupulumutsa kumeneku kunayambitsa kuvulala.
Kodi Ndi Zamankhwala Kapena Opanda Thanzi? Limenelo ndilo Funso
Wopulumutsayo anafuna ndipo anapambana chigamulo chachidule (makamaka khadi lopanda khoti) kuchokera kwa woweruza wamkulu wa khothi, chomwe ndi momwe chitetezo cha Samamariya chabwino chimagwira ntchito.
Chigamulocho chinasinthidwa ndi khoti lachigamulo, pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kumene lamulo linapezedwa.
Lamulo labwino lachiSamariya lachiyanjano la California linali gawo la Division 2.5 ya California Health and Safety Code. Mwazinthu zina, Kugawikana pakati pa 2.5 kumapereka thandizo lachipatala kwadzidzidzi. Chifukwa cha izo, khoti lachigamulo linagwedeza mawu akuti "mankhwala" kumene kulibe.
Kuchokera ku Gawo lachiwiri la California la Health Health and Safety Code pamene linayima mu 2004, pamene chochitika choyambirira chinachitika:
1799.102 . Palibe munthu amene ali ndi chikhulupiliro chabwino, osati chifukwa cha malipiro, amapereka chithandizo chadzidzidzi pamalo odzidzidzidzidwa adzapatsidwa chilango chilichonse chadzidzidzi chifukwa chachitidwe kapena cholephera. Zochitika zadzidzidzi sizingaphatikizepo maofesi apadera komanso malo ena kumene chithandizo chamankhwala chimaperekedwa.
Malingana ndi chigamulochi, kukhalapo kwa mawu akuti "mankhwala" mu chigamulo chotsiriza, ndi malo omwe ali pafupi ndi zigawo zina zokhuza thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga zimatanthauza kuti chithandizo chachipatala chokha chimapangidwa ndi lamulo.
Nchifukwa chiyani izi ziri zofunika? Chifukwa cha chigamulo cha khoti kuti kusuntha wogwidwa kumalo otetezeka sikuli chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kuchokera pa chisankho, cholembedwa ndi Justice H. Walter Croskey:
"Mwina pangakhale nthawi yomwe kusunthitsa munthu kuchoka pamalo awo omwe ali pano ndi nkhani yokhudza zachipatala, monga momwe munthu wothandizira poizoni wa carbon monoxide akuyenera kusunthira ku gwero la mpweya wabwino. sizomwe zimasuliridwa kuti azitha kulandira thandizo lachipatala, koma sizinali choncho. "
Vuto ndi lingaliroli linali lakuti opulumutsidwa osaphunzitsidwa - chiwerengero chomwe chiwerengerochi chinali cholinga chowatchinjiriza - ankayenera kutsimikizira ngati chisamaliro chomwe anali kupereka chinali chithandizo chamankhwala kuti apindule ndi chitetezo chabwino cha Asamariya.
Khoti Lalikulu ku California linamva zotsutsana pa mlanduwu ndipo mwachidwi anagwirizana ndi bwalo la milandu. Pa chisankho chapakati pa 4 mpaka 3, Khoti Lalikululo linapereka njira kwa Alexandra van Horn, yemwe anavulazidwa pa ngoziyi, kuti amunamizire mlanduwo, Lisa Torti.
Oweruza atatu mwa anthu ochepa adamva kuti ngakhale Torti atalakwa molakwika kuti aweruzidwe, iwo sanaone chifukwa chilichonse chosinthira lamuloli.
New Good Sam Law ku California
Pamene makhoti atapeza mawu omwe mosakayikira sanalipo mulamulo, omwe adawathandiza kukhala osapindulitsa, aphungu a California anayenera kulumphira (osasamalira okha, ndithudi).
Iwo analembanso gawo la lamuloli kuti tsopano "palibe munthu amene ali ndi chikhulupiliro chabwino, osati chifukwa cha malipiro, amachititsa chisamaliro kapena chithandizo chodzidzidzidwa pa chithandizo chodzidzimutsa chidzapatsidwa chilango chadzidzidzi chifukwa cha zochitika zina kapena zopanda pake kusiyana ndi kuchitapo kanthu kapena kusalakwitsa kumakhala kusanyalanyaza kwakukulu kapena kuchita mwadala kapena kusadziletsa. "
Bungwe la malamulo lidafuna kutsimikiza kuti aliyense akudziwa kuti amateteza aliyense, "Cholinga cha Lamulo ndi kulimbikitsa anthu ena kudzipereka, popanda malipiro, kuthandiza ena omwe akusowa thandizo panthawi yovuta, poonetsetsa kuti odzipereka omwe amapereka chisamaliro kapena kuthandizira kuchita moyenera. "
Iwo pafupifupi anazipeza izo molondola.
Ndikofunika kuwonetsa kuti kuchotsedwa kwa chitetezo kwa zochitika kapena kusokoneza kumakhala kusanyalanyaza kwakukulu kapena kuchita mwachangu kapena khalidwe loipa lomwe liripo pokhapokha pa ndime yodzipereka kwa anthu omwe ali pambali, zomwe zikutanthawuza kuti wopulumutsa wokhoza angathebe kutsutsidwa chifukwa chowombera kwenikweni. Anthu opanda ntchito ndi maphunziro a zachipatala, kapena apolisi kapena ozimitsa moto, akutetezedwa mokwanira pansi pa lamulo latsopanoli. Kotero, kwenikweni, iwe sungatetezedwe pang'ono ku California ngati iwe suli wophunzitsidwa kuposa iwe ngati iwe ndi dokotala kapena wachipatala.
Osachepera adayesa.