Pamene Mtundu wa Khungu Uli Osiyana ndi Osowa Achibwana
Pamene sukulu inalekanitsidwa zaka zapitazo, sukulu za ogontha zimatsatira. Kwa zaka zoposa 100, ana osamva amapezeka pamaphunziro osiyana, omwe amakhala pamapampu osiyanasiyana kapena m'mabwalo osiyana pa sukulu imodzi ya osamva . Kupatukana kumeneku kunayambitsa chitukuko chakuda cha Chinenero Chamanja cha ku America , chikhalidwe chofanana ndi "Chingerezi chakuda."
Pamene sukulu za ogontha zidakhala zowonjezereka, nyumba zosiyanazi ndi zinyumbazo zinkatsekedwa kapena kuziphatikizidwa ku sukulu yonse. M'kupita kwanthawi, chilankhulo chakuda cha ASL chinafa monga ana osamva omwe sali osiyana ndi ana omwe amamva osamva. Mwamwayi, kukumbukira zochitikazi kusungidwa m'mabuku monga Sounds Like Home . Kusankhana uku kunalimbikitsidwa ndi National Association of Deaf, yomwe mu 1904 inalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu zosiyana kwa ana osamva.
Kusankhana uku kunatanthauza kuti aphunzitsi ogontha osamva amatha kupeza ntchito yophunzitsa muzinthu zosiyana. Mapulogalamuwa anabweretsa aphunzitsi oyambirira akumva osamva, Julius Carrett ndi Amanda Johnson, onse awiri omwe adaphunzira maphunziro a North Carolina kwa ogontha akuda, ndi HL Johns, yemwe adaphunzira maphunziro a Maryland ogontha. Onse atatu adalembedwa ndi a Texas Institute for Youth, Blumb and Blind Colored Youth.
Mndandanda wa Zigawuni Zosakanizidwa
- Alabama - Sukulu Yopanda Mitundu Yopanda Nkhungu ndi Yakhungu (1891).
- District of Columbia - The Kendall School ku Gallaudet sanatenge ophunzira osamva mpaka 1952, pamene adalamulidwa ndi khoti (asanamve kuti ophunzira osamva osamva adapita kusukulu ku Maryland). Nkhani ya nkhondo kuti Kendall atenge ophunzira akuda a DC Black inalembedwa mu filimuyo "Mndandanda wa '52." Kendall ndiye adakhazikitsa nyumba yosiyana, koma tsankho linali lalifupi monga mu 1954 chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu pa milandu yokhudza kuphatikizana chinatanthauza kuti Kendall adayenera kuphatikizidwa. Mbiri Kupyolera mwa Otulidwa Maso Eyes ili ndi chithunzi cha ophunzira osamva omwe amamva Kendall.
- Florida - Florida Institute for Blind, Deaf and Dumb Colored Department (1895).
- Sukulu ya Georgia - Georgia kwa a Negro Deaf (1882).
- Kentucky - Kentucky inali ndi sukulu ya ogontha achikuda. Msonkhano wa Kentucky Standard wa Kentucky School for the Deaf, vol.130, Spring 2003 unafotokozera mwachidule mbiri ya masukulu achikuda (1885 mpaka 1950).
- Mbiri Kupyolera M'maso Opusa - Mbiri Kupyolera mwa Osowa Maso Mawonetseko ali ndi chithunzi cha ophunzira osamva aku Kentucky ku tsamba lake pa Sukulu za Desegregated.
- Mzinda wa Louisiana - Louisiana School of the Deaf unasindikizidwa kumapeto kwa 1978, pokhala sukulu yotsiriza ya ogontha kuti aphatikizidwe. Sukulu yakuda ya Louisiana sukulu ya Louisiana ya Ogontha Akhungu ndi Opunduka.
- Maryland - Sukulu ya Ogontha Akhungu ndi Opunduka (Maryland Institute for the Blond Blind and Blind-Mutes) (1872). The American Annals ya Ogontha ndi Osalankhula (chotsatira cha American Annals a Ogontha ) anali ndi nkhani, "Maryland Institution for Wokongola Matenda-Mitsuko," mu July 1873 nkhani.
- North Carolina - Sukulu ya North Carolina ya Anthu Ovunduka ndi Opunduka (1869) - sukulu yoyamba ya ana osamva. Boma linakhazikitsa Dipatimenti Yakale. Mmodzi wa omaliza maphunzirowa, Roger D. O'Kelly, anakhala woweruza milandu ndipo adafotokozedwa mu Silent Worker wakale, Volume 139, No.6. Nkhani yonena za Kelly, "Wolemba Yekha Wosalankhula - Wogontha Mwamwayi ku United States," akhoza kuwonedwa pa intaneti.
- Oklahoma - Oklahoma Industrial Institution kwa ogontha, akhungu, ndi ana amasiye a Race.
- South Carolina - South Carolina Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro a Anthu Osamva ndi Osalankhula ndi Akhungu, Dipatimenti Yakale.
- Tennessee - James Mason (wakuda, kumva ) adakhazikitsa sukulu ya anthu ogontha akuda, Sukulu ya Tennessee ya Ogontha Athu ndi Otukumula.
- Texas - Texas Institute ya Anthu Osamva, Osalankhula, ndi Achinyamata Osowa Maso (1887). William Holland, yemwe kale anali kapolo wogonjera amene anakakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa sukulu ya ogontha achikuda, anakhala mtsogoleri wake woyamba mu 1887.
- Sukulu ya Virginia - Virginia ya Anthu Osamva ndi Okhuta (1909).
- Sukulu ya West Virginia - West Virginia ya Anthu Osamva ndi Akhungu (1919). Mmodzi mwa anthu ogontha otchuka a ku America a ku America, Ernest Hairston, anali atapita kusukuluyi asanayambe kuphatikizidwa. Magazini Goldenseal , voliyumu 28, nambala 3, Fall 2002, inali ndi nkhani yakuti, "Zipatala za West Virginia za Anthu Osamva ndi Opunduka," ndi Ancella Bickley. (Mungathe kupeza kabuku mwa kulankhulana ndi ofalitsa ku WVCulture.org) Bickley adalembanso buku lakuti, Mulimonse mwa Zopinga: Mbiri Yophunzitsa ku West Virginia kwa Ogontha ndi Opunduka Wakale, 1926-1955. Ilo linafalitsidwa ndi West Virginia University Press mu 2001 ndipo likuwoneka kuti silikusindikizidwa ndipo NDILE zovuta kupeza. Chithunzi cha bukhuchi chikhoza kupezeka mu West Virginia University Alumni Magazine, nkhani ya Spring 2002.
> Zotsatira:
> Gannon, Jack R., Deaf Heritage , National Association of Ogontha, 1981, p.3.
> Paddon, Carol, ndi Humphries, Tom L. Mumzindamo Osamva , Harvard University Press, 2005, masamba 50-54.
> Hairston, Ernest, ndi Smith, Linwood. Oda ndi Osamva mu America: Kodi Ife Tili Osiyana , TJ Publishers, Inc., 1983.