Ku United States, ngakhale kuti tikuyembekeza kwambiri, dongosolo lathu lachipatala limagwiranso ntchito ngati mtundu umodzi. Ena amatchula izi ngati chiwerengero cha anthu. Paradigm iyi ikusonyeza kuti mwa anthu ambiri, matenda-omwe amakhala ozizira kapena khansara-ali ndi chizoloŵezi chodziwika bwino, ndipo anthu ambiri adzapindula ndi njira yochiritsira yofanana.
Ngati chithandizo china sichigwira ntchito, ndiye kuti ndondomeko yachiwiri yothandizira yachangu imaperekedwa.
Izi zikupitirira mpaka matendawa atamasulidwa. Mankhwala amaikidwa potsatira ziwerengero za anthu omwe alipo, ndipo mayesero ndi zolakwika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka wodwalayo ali bwino. Mu chitsanzo cha mankhwala, zizindikiro zaumwini, zifukwa zoopsya, zosankha za moyo ndi ma genetic sizingaganizidwe kawirikawiri. Choncho, njira zothandizira mankhwala sizidzakhala zabwino nthawi zonse, kulepheretsa anthu omwe sagwirizana ndi "magawo".
Mankhwala ovomerezeka, pambali ina, amalimbikitsa kuti azisamalira okha. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza matenda, komanso kulandira chithandizo kwa munthu payekha kotero kuti matenda kapena matenda angakwaniritsidwe mwa njira yomwe imalonjeza kuti akhoza kupambana chifukwa cha malingaliro awo. Njira yeniyeni yothetsera njirayi ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka payekha (PM) amaganizira kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zothandizira zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zochokera kwa munthu amene akuchiritsidwa.
Technology Technology m'zaka za Genomics
Tsopano sayansi ili ndi mapu onse a majini mu thupi, mankhwala ochiritsira okha akuwonetsera ngati chenicheni.
Nyuzipepala ya National Human Genome Research Institute ikugogomezera kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi munthu wokhawokha amaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mthupi la wodwala kuti azitsogolera zisankho zokhudzana ndi kupewa, matenda ndi matenda.
Tekesi yamakono yamakono tsopano imalola kuti mtundu wa munthuwo ufufuzidwe kuti azindikire makhalidwe enieni kapena zolakwika.
Angelina Jolie akudziwulula za kutenga BRCA1 gene mutation, yomwe imamuika pachiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansara ya ovari, inabweretsa zina mwa mfundozi kwa anthu. Kusankha zochita pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa jini sikungakhale kozoloŵera m'zochitika zamankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku, koma zikufala kwambiri.
Oncology ndi malo a zamankhwala kumene DNA yothetsera teknoloji ili ndi zambiri zotheka. Mwachitsanzo, kwa khansa ya m'mapapo, pali njira zambiri zothandizira mankhwala omwe alipo tsopano omwe amapezeka pamagulu osiyanasiyana a khansa ya m'mapapo. Ngati pali chithandizo chamankhwala, mayeso amtunduwu akhoza kubisika ndi inshuwalansi, makamaka ngati pali mankhwala ovomerezeka a FDA kapena mankhwala omwe akugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa chibadwa.
Posachedwapa, ofufuza adagwiritsanso ntchito DNA kusinthasintha pofuna kugwirizanitsa kachilombo ka khansa (BLV) ndi kansa ya m'mawere. Poyamba ankakhulupirira kuti ziwetozi sizingathetse anthu. Komabe, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, ndi yunivesite ya New South Wales, Sydney, adasonyeza kuti BLV ikhoza kukhalapo mthupi la anthu zaka zitatu kapena khumi isanafike kuti khansa ipeze, kusonyeza mgwirizano wamphamvu.
Thandizo lachipatala lomwe limayendetsa gome likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha chitukuko cha teknoloji zam'tsinje (NGS).
Malingana ndi National Human Genome Research Institute, mauthenga onse ogwiritsira ntchito majeremusi angathe tsopano kuchitidwa maola osachepera 24 pansi pa $ 1,000. Zomwe zimayambitsa majini zakhala zowona bwino komanso zotsika mtengo ndipo tsopano zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe a boma ndi apadera. Komabe, mavuto ambiri akufunikiranso kuthandizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, madokotala ambiri sangakhale ndi mwayi wophunzira ndipo sadziwa zambiri za zipangizo zamakono. Akatswiri ena amachenjezanso kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa chiyembekezo ndi chikhalidwe komanso kuti mfundo zoyenera ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
Bungwe Latsopano la Maselo Anu
Mwinamwake chimodzi mwazinthu zowonongeka kwambiri mmalo mwa mankhwala opangidwa mwadongosolo ndi kusindikiza ziwalo 3-D kuchokera ku maselo awo. Zimanenedwa kuti m'zaka 10 mpaka 15, ziwalo zidzapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo okolola kuchokera kwa odwala omwe akugwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya 3-D. M'tsogolomu, ziwalo zogwiritsira ntchito ziwalo zimatha kusinthidwa ndi kukonza ziwalo.
Anthony Atala, MD, Mtsogoleri wa Wake Forest Institute ya Regenerative Medicine (WFIRM), wasonyeza kale kuti impso zotsekula m'mimba zingathe kupangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi, kuthandizira kuthetsa vuto chifukwa cha kusowa kwa thupi. Pakalipano, asayansi pa WFIRM ali ndi zinyama zoposa 30 ndi ziwalo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ziwalo zotsatila. Organovo, kampani yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito minofu yaumunthu yokhayokha, yapitirirabe kupanga ma-foil 3-D omwe amakhalabe ogwira ntchito ndi osakhazikika kwa masiku 60, omwe ndi kusintha kuchokera ku ntchito yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kale masiku 28. Zosindikizidwa za chiwindi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyezetsa mankhwala, kupereka njira yowonjezera kwa zinyama ndi mavitamini. Amaperekanso chiyembekezo chatsopano kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angapindule ndi kuika. Mu 2016, asayansi a ku China adasindikiza mbali ya mtima wa kuseri atrium. Kuyika gawoli kungathandize kuti odwala ali ndi matenda oopsa. Zikuwoneka kuti luso lamakono la 3-D lingapereke kuwonetsetsa kwabwino kwa pulogalamu yachitsulo ya munthu kumanzere poyerekeza ndi njira zamaganizo zochiritsira. Izi ndizofunikira kwa opaleshoni ochita opaleshoni pamene akufunikira kufotokozera molondola zowonjezereka asanayambe ndi ndondomeko yosokoneza.
Mobile Technology ndi Personalized Medicine
Eric Topol, Mtsogoleri ndi Pulofesa wa Genomics ku Scripps Translational Science Institute, akulongosola mafoni omwe tsopano akudziwika kuti ndiwo mankhwala amtsogolo. Mafoni a m'manja ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga biosensors-kuyesa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chiwalo cha mtima, shuga la magazi komanso mafunde a ubongo-komanso kugwira ntchito ngati pulogalamu ya otoscope kapena ultrasound. Anthu tsopano angathe kupanga miyezo yambiri payekha, pamene akufuna komanso komwe kuli yabwino kwa iwo. Amatha kuona ndi kutanthauzira deta yawo popanda kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala, kupanga chisamaliro chochuluka kwambiri payekha komanso payekha.
Malamulo Okhazikika Pakati pa Kukula kwa Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Munthu
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala opangidwa mwadongosolo, zochepa zingapo za njirayi zakambidwa. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti zimakhala zoopsa zowonjezera mankhwala ku maulosi a maselo. Mchitidwe wamankhwala wabwino wa mwambo uyenera kale kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa umunthu mwa kuyang'ana pa umunthu wanu wapadera, mbiri yachipatala ndi chikhalidwe. Anthu ambiri asayansi ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amakhulupirira kuti "mankhwala ovomerezedwa payekha" angaphatikizepo kusintha kwakukulu kwa udindo payekha, zomwe zingawononge zinthu zina zadziko zomwe ndi zofunika kuzifufuza. Njirayi ingathe kuchititsa chikhalidwe cha "kudzudzula wolakwiridwa," kuyambitsa ziwawa zina za anthu ndi kutenga chuma cha anthu kutali ndi njira zomwe zimayesayesa kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndi zolephereka zomwe zimakhudza thanzi.
Nkhani yomwe inalembedwa ndi Hastings Center-kafukufuku yemwe amatsutsana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi zaumoyo, za sayansi, ndi zamakono-zinawonetsa kuti pangakhale zoyembekezera zolakwika zokhudzana ndi mankhwala odzikonda. N'zosatheka kuti m'tsogolomu mudzatha kulandira mankhwala apadera kapena chithandizo chokhacho kwa inu nokha. Mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi ochulukirapo ponena za kugawa anthu kukhala magulu okhudzana ndi mauthenga achibadwa ndi kuyang'ana pa zoopsa zanu zaumoyo komanso mayankho a chithandizo pa nkhani ya chibadwacho.
Anthu ambiri akudandaula kuti kusankhidwa kukhala membala wa gulu linalake, mwachitsanzo, kungawonjezere mitengo yanu ya inshuwalansi kapena kukupangitsani ntchito yochepa yomwe mukufuna. Mfundo izi sizinapangidwe. Mankhwala ovomerezeka akugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa deta, ndipo chitetezo cha deta chimakhalabe chovuta. Komanso, kukhala m'gulu linalake kungakulimbikitseni kutenga nawo mbali pulojekiti yowonetsera poyang'anira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu pofuna kuchepetsa ufulu wosankha.
Palinso zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe kwa madotolo opanga mauthenga a genomic. Mwachitsanzo, madokotala angafunikire kulingalira kuchotsa zinthu zina zomwe palibe mankhwala. Njira yowululira ingafunikire kusinthira mosamala kuti zisawononge kusokoneza kapena kukhumudwitsa wodwalayo. Komabe, izi zikhoza kusonyeza kubwereranso kwa mankhwala osapatsirana kumene dokotala amalingalira zomwe zingakuchitireni zabwino ndi zomwe muyenera kuuzidwa. Apa zikuonekeratu kuti pakufunika kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cholimba mu gawo lino, komanso kufunikira koonetsetsa mosamalitsa kuti zosamalitsa zikhale zogwirizana ndi zopindulitsa.
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