Mayiko angapo akulingalira za iwo okha omwe ali ndi maudindo
Kuyambira chaka cha 2014 mpaka 2018, udindo wa ACA unapereka chilango kwa anthu omwe sanapite ku inshuwaransi, kupatula ngati atapatsidwa chilango chokwanira (ngati inde, chilango chikugwiranso ntchito ngati simukuthandizidwa mu 2018 ).
Koma kuyambira mu January 2019, chilango cha boma chosavomerezedwa chidzakhala $ 0. Kusintha kumeneku kunakhazikitsidwa monga gawo la Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, lomwe linalembedwa mu lamulo mu December 2017.
Izi zikhoza kukhala uthenga wabwino kwa anthu omwe adagwidwa ndi chilango m'zaka zapitazo ndikukonzekera kuti apitirize kukhala osatsimikiziridwa, koma ndi kusintha komwe kungayambitse ndalama zambiri pamsika wa inshuwalansi ndi Amwenye ambiri osalimbikitsidwa.
Bungwe la Congressional Budget Office linati malipiro omwe ali pamsika pawokha adzakhala oposa 10 peresenti kuposa momwe akadakhalira ngati udindo wawo unali utakhala m'malo, ndipo anthu ochepa mamiliyoni atatu adzalandira chithandizo pa msika wa inshuwaransi (osati gulu) 2019. Kuchepetsa chiŵerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi malonda payekha akuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kufika pa mamiliyoni asanu pofika 2021-gawo lalikulu la msika, umene uli ndi anthu okwana 15-17 miliyoni okha omwe akulembera.
Anthu omwe amachoka pamsika ndi omwe ali ocheperapo komanso ocheperapo, popeza odwala, anthu okalamba amayamba kuwona kufunika kwa inshuwalansi ya umoyo wawo.
Kutuluka kwa achinyamata, olembetsa bwino ndi chifukwa chake ndalama zowonjezera zimayesedwa kuti ziwonjezeke. Kwa omwe akuyenerera ndalama zothandizira ndalama , thandizoli lidzakula kuti liziyenda bwino ndi mapepala, kuteteza imfa ndi kusunga msika kukhala wolimba. Koma kwa anthu omwe sapatsidwa thandizo la premium, kufalitsa kudzapitirira kukwera mtengo.
Mayiko Lingalirani Malamulo Ena Kuti Akhazikitse Ma Market awo
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchulukanso kwapadera komanso kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano wosavomerezeka, mayiko angapo akhala akunena za maudindo a boma. Ena-omwe afotokozedwa pambuyo pake mu nkhaniyi-akhoza kuthetsa maudindo ogwiritsira ntchito mu 2020 kapena kupitirira. Koma mabungwe ochepa angagwiritsebe ntchito maudindo omwe angagwire ntchito mwamsanga pamene chilango cha boma chikuchotsedwa kumapeto kwa 2018.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts kale ili ndi udindo, womwe umayambitsanso ACA. Boma linakhazikitsa lamulo mu 2006, ndipo lidalipobe kuyambira pamenepo. Koma kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2018, chilango cha boma chimachotsedwa ku chilango cha boma, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu a ku Massachusetts sakuyenera kulipira chilango chachiwiri chifukwa chosowa chithandizo. Ndipo ku Massachusetts, chigamulochi chimagwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu, komabe pansi pa ACA, mabanja ayenera kulipira chilango chokhala ndi ana osatetezedwa. Kuyambira ndi chaka cha 2019 cha msonkho (kwa kubwezeretsedwanso kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020), Massachusetts adzangopereka chilango chokhazikitsa boma, koma sipadzakhalanso chilango cha boma chochotsa chilango cha boma.
District of Columbia
Mu February 2018, bungweli la a inshuwalansi ya thanzi la DC linagwirizana mosagwirizana kuti livomereze chigamulo chokhazikitsa udindo wa munthu ku DC, ngakhale bungwe la mzinda likumaliza. Ngati bungwe la mzinda likuvomerezana ndi malangizowo, DC idzakhala ndi udindo wapadera komanso chilango chofanana chomwecho chidzakhala chimodzimodzi kuntchito ya ACA, komabe pali kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumayenderana ndi zosowa za DC .
Mtsogoleri wa DC, Muriel Bowser, adawonetsa bajeti ya Chaka cha 2019 yomwe ikufunidwa mu March 2018, yomwe ikuphatikizapo $ 1.1 miliyoni pothandizira kuti azigwira ntchito ku DC.
Ndalamazo zikanatha kuyendetsa zamakono zamakono, kusintha kwa malamulo a msonkho wa DC, ndi ntchito yodziwitsa anthu za udindo waumwini, komanso ndalama zina zofunika. Bungwe la mzinda lidzakambirana za bajeti ya Meya Bowser mu April ndi May 2018 .
M'mbuyomu, Congress inkayenera kuvomereza ndalama zowonjezereka pokhapokha bungwe la mzindawo litavomereza, koma lamuloli linasinthidwa mu 2013, ndipo bungweli la mzinda wa DC linalongosola kuti "ngakhale Congress kapena makhoti sizinayankhe kapena kupasula" kusintha komwe kumalola DC kuti apange bajeti yake popanda mgwirizano wa Congressional.
Hawaii
Msonkhano wa Hawaii unadutsa SB2924 mu March 2018 ndi voti ya 24-1, ndipo ndalamazo tsopano ndi Nyumba. SH2924 idzakhazikitsa lamulo la munthu payekha ndi chilango chogwirizanitsa ku Hawaii, kuyambira mu 2019.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamuloli, kuphatikizapo kukhululukidwa ntchito, kungasonyeze kuti udindo wa ACA ndi wovomerezeka, koma chiwerengero cha chilangocho sichifotokozedwa m'malamulo-mfundo yomwe Dipatimenti ya Malipiro ya Hawaii yakhala ikubwereza mobwerezabwereza mu umboni wokhudza ndalamazo.
Dipatimenti ya Taxation inanenanso "zodandaula ndi kuthekera koyenera kulanga chilangochi," poti "Dipatimentiyo si yodziwa za inshuwalansi ya umoyo," ndipo akulangiza kuti ngati boma likukhazikitsa lamulo ndi chilango, gawo lachitatu (mwachitsanzo, osati dera la Hawaii Department of Taxation) ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wosankha ngati olemba msonkho ali ndi ngongole yokwanira.
Vermont
Olemba malamulo a nyumba ya azimayi a Vermont adapereka H696 mu March 2018, akuyitanitsa udindo payekha pa 1 Januari 2019. Poyamba, malamulowa akufotokoza momveka bwino za chilango chimene chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito (chimodzimodzi ndi chilango cha ACA osalimbikitsidwa), koma ndalamazo zinasinthidwa kuti zithetsedwe.
M'malo mwake, ndalama zomwe zinaperekedwa m'nyumbayi zimapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi udindo mu 2019 koma zimapereka chilango kwa gulu logwira ntchito lomwe liyenera kulongosola momwe ndondomekoyo ikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Gulu logwira ntchito liyenera kuyamba msonkhano mu July 2018 ndipo lidzapereka lipoti lomaliza kwa olemba malamulo pasanafike pa November 1, 2018.
Senate, komabe, inafotokoza za lingaliro lokhazikitsa udindo wa munthu kuyambira mu January 2019, popanda kufotokoza momveka bwino momwe ntchitoyo idzakhazikitsire ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kotero Senate idapereka chikwangwani cha ndalamazo ndi tsiku lomaliza kuchotsedwa. Cholinga chawo ndi kulola gulu logwira ntchito kuti lipitirize lipoti lawo, komanso kuti olemba malamulo aziganizira nkhaniyi mu gawo la 2019 lovomerezeka. Nyumbayo siinagwirizane ndi ndondomeko ya Senate, komabe, lamuloli lasamukira ku komiti ya msonkhano yomwe ikugwira ntchito yosiyanitsa.
New Jersey
Otsatira malamulo ku New Jersey (SB1877 ndi A3380) mu gawo la 2018 lovomerezeka kuti akwaniritse udindo wawo ndi chilango chogwirizana ku New Jersey, kuyambira mu 2019.
A3380 idadutsa Msonkhano ndi voti ya 50-23, ndipo idapatsa Senate ndi voti 22-13, pakati pa mwezi wa April. Poganiza kuti Bwanamkubwa Phil Murphy akuwunikira malamulo, New Jersey adzakhala ndi udindo woyambira mu 2019, kuphatikizapo chilango chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito malangizo omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilango cha ACA. Chilango chachikulu ku New Jersey chidzakhala chofanana ndi mtengo wapatali wa dongosolo la mkuwa ku New Jersey, komabe, osati ndalama zomwe dziko lonse likugwiritsa ntchito polipira ndondomeko ya mkuwa.
Thandizo lovomerezeka kwa ACA ndi lolimba ku New Jersey, koma anthu oposa theka la anthu osankhidwawo adatsutsana ndi lingaliro la udindo wokhala ndi boma pa 2017. Thandizo la ntchito likuwonjezeka, komabe pamene anthu adziwa za udindo kumathandiza kupewa zosokoneza ndi kugwirizanitsa msika wa inshuwaransi.
Malamulo Amene Ankalamulidwa Ndi Malamulo Koma Sanawathandize
Mayiko ena ambiri akuganiza kuti angathe kukhala ndi udindo wochokera ku boma, komabe ntchitoyi ingakhale yoposa 2019, mothandizidwa ndi maofesi a nthawi ndi malamulo komanso kusintha komweku.
Connecticut
Olemba malamulo ku Connecticut ankaganiza za ngongole ziwiri zomwe aliyense angathe kuchita, koma ndi njira zosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, pofika mu April 2018, ndondomeko yaumwiniyo inali itachotsedwa pamsonkho umodzi, ndipo ndalama zinazo sizinafikepo konse.
HB5039, monga adayambitsidwira, ikanakhazikitsa lamulo la munthu ndi chilango chaching'ono pang'ono kuposa chilango cha ACA. Zikanakhala zopitirira 2 peresenti ya ndalama zapakhomo kapena $ 500 pa munthu wamkulu wosatetezedwe, popanda chilango cha ana (mosiyana, chilango cha ACA ndi chachikulu pa 2.5 peresenti ya ndalama zapakhomo kapena $ 695 pa wamkulu wosatetezedwe ndi $ 347.50 pa mwana wosalimbikitsidwa ).
Lamuloli linalinso ndi mapulani osiyanasiyana othandizira kusamalidwa. Koma komiti ya Nyumba yomwe inakweza kalatayo mu April 2018 inachotsa msonkhanowo udindo wonse. Zikhoza kubwereranso ku Nyumba, koma kwa nthawiyi, palibe udindo uliwonse pa HB5039.
HB5379 idzagwirizanitsa udindo wa munthu ndi chilango choposa $ 10,000-koma idzalola anthu omwe sali oyenerera kupereka thandizo la premium (ndipo omwe inshuwalansi ya umoyo amawononga ndalama zopitirira 9.66 peresenti ya ndalama zapakhomo) kuti apereke chilango ndondomeko yosungirako zaumoyo m'malo mwa kulipira kwa boma (ndalama ndi ndondomeko ya malingaliro akufotokozedwa apa ). Kuyambira mwezi wa April 2018, ndalamazo sizinafike m'nyumba ndipo zidali zakufa mu 2018. Koma ndondomeko ya malamuloyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri kuti ndizofunika kwambiri payekha kuti mayiko onse aganizire.
Kuti afotokoze, chilango cha ACA payekha chingakhale choposa $ 16,320 kwa banja la anthu asanu kapena kuposerapo omwe sanatetezedwe mu 2017, ndipo chikhomo cha chilangochi chidzakhala chapamwamba kwambiri chaka cha 2018 chifukwa chimagwirizana ndi mtengo wapatali wa dongosolo lamkuwa, yomwe yakula chaka chilichonse. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuti banja lilipire chilango cha kukula kwake pansi pa ACA. Banja liyenera kukhala ndi ndalama zokwanira madola 600,000 kuti lifike pa chilango chimenecho, ndipo si zachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zotere kuti asakhale ndi inshuwalansi.
Koma pansi pa HB5379 ku Connecticut, chilango cha $ 10,000 chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa banja lopeza ndalama zoposa $ 100,000. Zolango zazing'ono zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa mabanja okhala ndi ndalama zochepa, koma chilango chidzakhala chofanana ndi mtengo wa ndondomeko ya siliva yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Anthu angakhale ndi mwayi wosunga ndalama pa chilango (osatenge kalikonse kubwezera) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zofanana pazokonzera ndalama zogulitsa-kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zocheperapo ndikupeza ndondomeko ya mkuwa.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za chilango cha ACA cha munthu aliyense ndi chakuti ndi wofooka kwambiri, ndipo chilango chimakhala chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mtengo wa chithandizo cha umoyo kwa olembetsa omwe salandira thandizo lofunika kwambiri. HB5379 ikhoza kuthetsa pempho la kulipira chilango m'malo mogula chithandizo cha thanzi chifukwa chilangocho sichitha mtengo kuposa kugula chithandizo.
Ndalama ina, HB5114, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Connecticut mu February 2018, imapempha munthu kuti akhale ndi udindo komanso chilango, koma sizinaphatikizepo tsatanetsatane wotsatila ntchito. Lamulo limeneli silinapite patsogolo.
Maryland
Bungwe la Protect Maryland Health Care Act la 2018 (SB1011) linayambika mu February 2018 ndi State Senator Brian Feldman (D, Montgomery). Lamuloli likufuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano wosiyanasiyana wa malonda, kuphatikizapo udindo wa munthu kuyambira mu 2019.
SB1011 siidapite mu gawo la 2018 lovomerezeka, koma likhoza kuyang'ananso chaka chamawa, ndipo likuyimira njira yapadera ya lingaliro la munthu aliyense .
Kukula kwa chilango cha mandwe pansi pa SB1011 chidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndi chilango cha ACA (choposa 2.5 peresenti ya ndalama, kapena $ 695 pa theka lachikulire losatetezedwe la mwanayo - ndi chilango cha mtengo wapatali chosinthidwa chifukwa cha kupuma kwa chaka chaka chilichonse). Koma chiwerengero cha chilango chidzakhala chosiyana. Pansi pa ACA, pamene IRS imapatsidwa chilango, ndalamazo zimayikidwa ku Treasury ndalama zonse, ndipo munthu amene adalipira chilango sapeza kanthu.
Koma pansi pa lamulo la Maryland, boma lingagwiritse ntchito chilango chokwanira ngati "malipiro otsika" pa ndondomeko ya inshuwalansi ya umoyo kwa munthuyo. Ngati munthuyo akuyenera kulandira ndalama zothandizira ndalama komanso ndalama zowonjezera zikhoza kukhala zokwanira kuti awononge ndalama zonse zomwe zilipo (mwachitsanzo, ndondomekoyi idzakhala ndi malipiro ena owonjezera), boma likhoza kulembetsa munthuyo Chilichonse chomwe chilipo ndi zero-value plan, pokhapokha ngati munthuyo akuyenera kuchokapo (panthawiyi, chilangocho chidzatumizidwa ku bungwe la inshuwaransi stabilization fund m'malo mwake).
Ngati palibe ndondomeko ya zero-premium yomwe ilipo, ndalama kuchokera ku chilango / kutsika pansi zidzasungidwa mu akaunti yokhudza chidwi ndipo ogula angagwiritse ntchito pakalata yolembera yotsatira, kuti agwiritse ntchito phindu la chithandizo chilichonse dongosolo la inshuwalansi. Ngati munthuyo adakali kupita kukayenda popanda inshuwalansi panthawiyi, chilangocho chidzatumizidwa ku bungwe la inshuwalansi lomwe lidzakhazikika pamapeto pake.
Koma pansi pa pempho la Maryland, boma lidzachita khama kuti anthu osalimbikitsidwa azigwiritsa ntchito chilango chao pa mtengo wa inshuwaransi, osati kukhala osalimbikitsidwa komanso osapindula mwachindunji ndi malipiro a chilango.
Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa kungowonjezera chilango cha msonkho wa msonkho ndikuwatsogolera ku thumba la ndalama zambiri, komabe zimakhalanso zowonjezereka kuti anthu ambiri azikhala ndi maganizo olakwika komanso ali ndi chilango chogwirizana, choncho njira akunena zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'tsogolomu.
California
Oweruza a ku California akhala akukhudzidwa ndi mwayi wokhala ndi udindo wina, koma sanayambe kukhazikitsa malamulo mu gawo la 2018 kuti agwire ntchito imodzi. Bungwe la California Association of Health Plans likuvomereza movomerezeka maganizo a munthu payekha , likulimbikitsa boma kuti lichitepo kanthu kuti anthu adzifunikanso kulengeza mu 2019 ndi kupitirira.
Olemba malamulo ku California akukambirana malamulo ambiri mu 2018 omwe angakhazikitse mgwirizano wa inshuwalansi ya umoyo, koma udindo waumwini si umodzi wa ngongole zomwe zikuchitika panopa, ngakhale kuti boma linatchulidwa kawirikawiri kale mu 2018 monga boma loyang'anira za ntchito yoyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi yomaliza ya malamulo atsopano ku California mu 2018 inali mu February, bizinesi zomwe zilipo zingasinthidwe kuti zikhale ndi udindo wina, kapena zingakhalepo mu ndondomeko ya bajeti. Choncho California ikhoza kukhala ndi udindo mu 2019.
Washington
SB6084 akanadapanga gulu ku Washington odzipatulira "kufufuza njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za boma kuti zisamalire zofunikira zothandiza kuchipatala." Ndalamayi inapititsa ku Senate ya Washington mu February, koma inalephera kupita patsogolo mnyumbamo panthawi yomwe gawo la malamulo lidzatha mu March.
Lamuloli linanena kuti Washington yokhudzana ndi umoyo wa inshuwalansi yaumwini inagwa m'zaka za m'ma 1990, makamaka chifukwa chakuti boma linkafuna inshuwalansi ya umoyo (ie, yoperekedwa mosasamala kanthu za thanzi) kuyambira mu 1993, koma sanayambe kukhazikitsa ntchito yomwe idakonzedwa kuti ichitike zaka zingapo pambuyo pake.
Olemba malamulo adanena kuti iwo akufuna kupewa kubwereza chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 ku Washington, pomwe malonda awo enieni sanalipo konse. Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti kugwa kwathunthu kwa msika, monga Washington kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, sikungadzachitike pansi pa malamulo, monga momwe thandizo la ACA's premium lidzapitirizira kufotokozera ndalama zambiri kwa olembetsa ambiri, mosasamala kanthu kuti olembetsa odwala amakhalabe pamsika kapena osati. Kuwonjezera sizingatheke kwa anthu omwe sali oyenerera ndalama zothandizira ndalama, komabe pali ogula omwe amathandizira pafupifupi pafupifupi mayiko onse kuti asungitse malonda awo.
Zimene Tingayembekezere Kupita Patsogolo
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2018, maofesi a nyuzipepala adalengeza kuti mayiko asanu ndi anayi kapena khumi akukambirana maudindo awo pa chaka cha 2019. Koma ena anali kukambirana za lingaliro kapena kulingalira kulengedwa kwa gulu kuti apitirize kulingalira lingaliro, osati kukhazikitsa malamulo omwe angakhazikitse munthu aliyense. Ndipo nthawi zina, malamulo omwe anali kuganiziridwa kale chaka chatha adatha.
Kuyambira mu April 2018, Massachusetts ili ndi udindo, ndipo malamulo akuwerengabebe ku Hawaii, Vermont, DC, ndi New Jersey.
Rhode Island yasonkhanitsa gulu lomwe likulingalira njira zothetsera kuwonongedwa kwa boma pa chilango cha munthu aliyense, ndipo mayiko ena, onga California, angathebe kuthetsa nkhaniyo kuchokera mu lamulo lolamulira kapena la malamulo mu 2018.
Koma pali mavuto omwe alipo, kuphatikizapo kusagwirizana kwa maudindo omwe ali nawo. Pali maiko asanu ndi awiri omwe alibe msonkho, ndipo ngakhale kuti Washington ndiyo yokhayo yomwe yalingalira za mtundu uliwonse wa munthu, kutero popanda msonkho wokhoma msonkho kungafunike njira zosiyanasiyana zolamulira kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi boma la federal kupyolera mu 2018.
Kwa nthawiyi, anthu okhala ku Massachusetts adzayenera kulumikizidwa mu 2019 kapena kudzakumana ndi chilango. Ndipo pali kuthekera kuti anthu okhala m'mayiko ena angapezenso chilango chifukwa chosatsimikiziridwa. Komabe, m'madera ambiri a dzikoli, chilango cha munthu aliyense sichiyenera kuchitika mu 2019, ngakhale kuti izi zingasinthe m'tsogolo.
> Zotsatira:
> Congressional Budget Office. Kubwereza Mfundo Zokha: Chiwerengero Chokhazikitsidwa . November 2017 .
> Mapulogalamu a Pakhomo la mkati. Ndondomeko ya Ndalama 2017-48 .
> Mass.gov. Zomangamanga Zamasulidwe. > TIR 18-2: Chilango cha munthu aliyense payekha la msonkho Chaka 2018. February 13, 2018.
> Scott Morton, Fiona M (Theodore Nierenberg Pulofesa wa Economics), Yale School of Management. Ndalama Zothandizira Zaumoyo ku Connecticut . February 5, 2018.