Mafotokozedwe Ophwanyidwa Anayi
Koyenda katatu ndi njira yotsegulira mtima yotsegula yomwe imachitidwa kuti lipititse patsogolo kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kumapatsa mtima. Anthu ambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a mtima-komanso kufunika kwa opaleshoni-atatha kupweteka pachifuwa, kupuma pang'ono, kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka ngati mkono kapena kupweteka.
Kuti mumvetse tanthauzo la kukhala ndi zinayi, ndizofunika kumvetsa mmene mtima ulili komanso zotsatira za matenda a mtima.
Anatomy of the Heart
Mitsempha yamakono ndi mitsempha ya magazi yomwe imapereka mtima ndi magazi ake; izi ndi zosiyana ndi ziwiya zomwe zimapereka magazi kuponyedwa ndi mtima .
Kuti zikhale zomveka, mtima umapopera magazi ku thupi lonse kudzera m'magazi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asunthe. Mtima, monga minofu iliyonse ya thupi laumunthu, imathandizanso kudyetsedwa mpweya ndi zakudya kuchokera m'magazi. Mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa mtima zomwe ikufunikira imatchedwa mitsempha ya coronary ndi kukula kwake kwazing'ono kumatha kuwathandiza kuti ayambe kusungunuka mosavuta ndi pulasitiki.
Timasamala za mitsempha yamtunduwu chifukwa chakuti, mwa anthu ena, mitsempha yamakono imakhala yotsekedwa-chikhalidwe chodziwika ngati matenda a mitsempha yamakono-kumene chimangiri chimamangirira mu chotengera cha magazi.
Ngati kutsekedwa mu mitsempha yamakono ndi koopsa, ikhoza kuteteza magazi ku gawo la mtima umene umadyetsedwa ndi chotengera cha magazi, chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka kwa chifuwa, chomwe chimatchedwanso angina.
Ngati kutsekemera kuli kokwanira ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadutsa kwambiri kapena kutayika kwathunthu, vuto la mtima ndilo zotsatira. N'zotheka kukhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yotsekedwa motere, zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo chachikulu pamtima.
Kuloledwa kotereku kumachitika pamene mitsempha inayi ya mitsempha imatsekedwa ndipo iyenera kudutsa.
Izi zikutanthawuza zigawo zinayi zosiyana zomwe zimafuna kuti magazi abwererenso kuzungulira iwo.
Matenda a Coronary Artery Matenda
Nthaŵi zambiri, matenda a mitsempha amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala, kusintha kwa moyo, ndi njira zochepetsetsa monga angioplasty. Ngati simungathe kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ochepa kwambiri kapena mankhwalawa samapweteka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mtima, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa kumapitirira, nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuganizira opaleshoni yopitirira malire.
Kuchita opaleshoni kumawopsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi njira zochepetsera, kuphatikizapo chiopsezo chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anesthesia komanso kuopsa kwa opaleshoni ya mtima , choncho njirayi ndi yokhayo ngati matendawa ndi ovuta kapena samayankha mankhwala ena. Kuchita opaleshoni kotereku ndi njira yovuta komanso zoopsa za opaleshoni zikuwonjezeka ndi zina zowonjezeredwa.
Mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni yowirikizawiri yocheperapo imakhala yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi katatu, ndipo katatu ndi yochepetsetsa kusiyana ndi kayendetsedwe ka quadruple. Ndi kupitirira kwina kulikonse kumene kumafunikira opaleshoniyo yayitali, imakhala nthawi yambiri pansi pa anesthesia, ndipo ikuchitidwa kuti muchiritse matenda oopsa kwambiri.
Pa Opaleshoni Yowirikiza ya Quadruple Bypass
Ndondomekoyi imayambira ndi anesthesia wambiri akugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene dokotala wa opaleshoni kapena wothandizira zachipatala, monga wothandizira dokotala (PA) ayamba njirayi pokolola mitsempha kuchokera kumapeto kwa otsogolera.
Pamene wothandizira akuwombola zombozo - ndipo atatsimikiza kuti zitsulo zili ndi khalidwe labwino lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawiyi - opaleshoni ya cardio-thoracic imatsegula chifuwa ndipo imayamba kukonzekeretsa mtima kuti ichitike.
Dokotala amachitiranso kawirikawiri chotengera china chochokera kumchoka kumanzere kuti aziwonjezera mitsempha yomwe imapezeka pamlendo, kapena nthawi zina, zombo za m'manja. Pa opaleshoni, mitsempha yowonongeka imathandizidwa ku chotengera cha mtima chomwe chilipo kale komanso chitatha. Sizowoneka mofulumira ngati mungatenge kuti mupewe ngozi, ndipo mwaziwo umabwereranso pafupi ndi gawo lotsekedwa.
Pazinthu zisanu ndi zinayi za opaleshoni, mtima umaletsedwa kuti dokotalayo asagwire ntchito yowonongeka. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa mapulogalamu a mtima , omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapereka mpweya m'malo mwa mapapu ndikuwombera kupyolera mu thupi momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito. Makinawa amalola kuti mtima ndi mapapo akhalebebe ndipo zimatheketsa kumaliza gawo lachitsulo la opaleshoni mwamsanga.
Kubwezeretsa
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa opaleshoni yamtima sikuthamanga. Tsiku loyamba pambuyo pochita opaleshoni nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku ICU kapena chipatala cha chisamaliro cha mtima, kumene wodwala amaloledwa kudzuka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku anesthesia. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya opaleshoni, wodwalayo sapatsidwa mankhwala kuti ayambe mwamsanga koma m'malo mwake amagona mankhwala.
Choyenera, wodwalayo adzauka, kuchoka pa mpweya wabwino ndikukhala pa mpando pambali pa bedi popanda opaleshoni ya maola asanu ndi limodzi kapena khumi ndi awiri. Izi ndizowonjezera kuopsa kwa nkhani zomwe zimakhala zofala monga magazi ndi chibayo komanso kuyamba kuyambiranso mwamsanga.
Ogula mtima amatsegula masiku atatu kapena kupitirira kuchipatala asanamasulidwe. Odwala ena amafunika kukonzanso mtima, ndondomeko yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi yomwe ikukonzekera mtima. Chiwotchi chimatha masabata asanu ndi limodzi kapena khumi ndi awiri, ndipo odwala ambiri amatha kubwerera kuntchito zawo zowonjezera atatha. Kwa odwala omwe sali ochepa mu ntchito zawo ndi kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kutopa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima, angapeze kuti angathe kulekerera ntchito pambuyo pa opaleshoni kusiyana ndi kale.
Zopindulitsa zazikulu kwa wodwala zidzatsimikizika kwambiri kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kuchira pamene ntchito ingatheke popanda ululu kapena zopweteka pang'ono. Kwa odwala ena ntchito zosavuta monga kuyenda zinali zochepa kupweteka pamaso pa opaleshoni ndipo zikhoza kuchitika popanda ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuti muthamangire kuntchito pambuyo pa opaleshoni, koma zikutanthauza kuti anthu ena amatha kugwira ntchito mwakhama atatha kuchira.
Ndikofunikanso panthawi yomwe amachira pofuna kugwira ntchito mwakhama kusintha zomwe zidzatsegulire zatsopano ndikuchita bwino. Izi zikutanthawuza chakudya chamoyo chopatsa thanzi , choletsa mafuta okhutira ndi cholesterol. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumafunikanso kuphatikizidwa mu zofooka zomwe dokotalayu analephera kuti adziwe. Mukamaliza kuchira, zotsalira za zakudya ziyenera kupitiliza, komanso pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuchita opaleshoni yamtima mobwerezabwereza ndiyi njira yovuta. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni ngati zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso umoyo wabwino - ndipo zoopsa sizipitirira mphotho zowonjezera. Komabe, opaleshoni imeneyi si njira yothetsera matenda a mitsempha yokhayokha. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, zidzakhala zofunikira kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa moyo wanu kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Ngati mukuchita opaleshoniyi, kusintha kwa moyo wanu kungakhale pamoto wam'mbuyo kumbuyo kwanu pamene mukusintha ndondomeko yanu, koma zakudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi zidzakhala zofunika kwa nthawi yaitali.
> Zotsatira:
> Kodi Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? National Heart Lung ndi Magazi Institute.