Kodi mungatani kuti muteteze kachilomboka?
Udzu wa ntchentche ndi waukulu. Ngati mumakhala kumadera ena (monga Kumwera chakumadzulo kwa US) akhoza kukhala oposa onse. Amatha kutenga kachilombo koopsa kamene kamatchedwa hantavirus. Matendawa amafalikira ndi makoswe, makamaka madontho awo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti mutenga kachilombo ka HIV kangakhale kovuta, mukhoza kutenga njira zochepa zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu.
Kodi Hantavirus N'chiyani?
Ndi kachilombo komwe kamakhala kovuta kupuma.
Ikhoza kupita ku matenda otchedwa hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantaviruses ndi mbali ya banja la bunyavirus la mavairasi. Mavairasi ena onse mumtundu uno amafalikira ndi nyamakazi (monga tizilombo) kupatula kwa hantaviruses. Awa ndiwo mavairasi a RNA.
Anthu ambiri omwe amapeza hantavirusi amatopa, amakhala ndi malungo komanso amamva zowawa. Minofu yomwe imapweteka kwambiri ndi minofu yaikulu, kuphatikizapo ntchafu, m'chiuno, kumbuyo, ndi nthawi zina mapewa.
Ena omwe amadwala amatha kupwetekedwa mutu, kukhumudwa, ndi chizungulire, komanso kunyozedwa, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi / kapena kupweteka m'mimba. Pafupi theka omwe amayamba kudwala amadwala.
Ena amapitiriza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri. Izi zimachitika patatha masiku 4 mpaka 10 chiyambireni zizindikiro. Zizindikiro zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kuvutika kupuma ndi kukakokera. Panthawiyi, mapapu akhoza kudzaza ndi madzimadzi kupanga zovuta kuti odwala apume.
Zimatenga masabata amodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu kuti asatenge makoswe (kapena droppings) kuti adwale.
Kodi Anthu Ambiri Amakhudzidwa ndi Hantavirus?
Mwa omwe amapanga Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, pafupifupi 3 mpaka 4 mwa anthu 10 amamwalira (ndiwo 36 mpaka 38 peresenti ya anthu).
Komabe, si anthu ambiri omwe apanga HPS.
Ndi matenda osowa. Kuchokera mu 1993 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2016, pakhala pali milandu yokwana 659 yodziwika ku US Pasanafike 1993, matendawa sanazindikiridwe (ngakhale mavoti azindikiranso retrospectively, omwe amachititsa chiwerengero cha 690).
Kodi mumapeza bwanji Hantavirus?
Mumapeza hantavirusi kuchokera ku makoswe. Manyowa ndi makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilombo samadwala. Amatha kuthamanga ndi kukhetsa kachilombo kudzera mu mkodzo ndi zitosi. Vutoli lingathenso kufalikira pamatumbo awo, kutanthauza chirichonse chimene iwo amachipeza kuti chakudya kapena zisala zikhoza kutenga kachilomboka. Pachilengedwe, kachilomboka kamatha kukhala masiku angapo poyanika zitsamba, mkodzo, ndi makola.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe tingafikire ndi zitosi, mbeke, ndi makola osadziwa. Chiwonetsero chingakhale:
- Kuthamanga: mkodzo, zitosi, saliva particles zimagwedezeka mumlengalenga
- Kulankhulana kwachindunji: kumakhudza mkodzo, zitosi, saliva
- Kuluma kuchokera ku khola kapena kachilombo
Izi zikhoza kukhala poyeretsa chipinda chosungirako komwe makoswe kapena makoswe apanga chisa kuchokera m'magazini. Zitha kukhala kuchokera kudera lamtunda ndi kumanga msasa kudera lomwe lakhalamo. Zingakhale zotsuka bedi, kumene mbewa zakhala zikugwedezeka mumakina. Zikhoza kukhala zowonongeka ndi kutumiza zitosi ndi zina zina mumlengalenga, zomwe zimatha kupuma.
Zingakhalenso chifukwa choyeretsa kanyumba kanyengo kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, pamene mbewa zimakhala mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pali njira zambiri, zowonjezereka zogwirizana ndi mabakiteriya oipitsidwa ndi makoswe a kachilombo, ngati makoswe ali ndi kachilomboka.
Kodi Hantavirus Ali Kuti?
Mwamwayi, malo ambiri alibe makoswe kapena makoswe. Hantavirus kawirikawiri yapezeka ikupezeka ku Four Corners ku United States. Izi zikuphatikizapo Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, ndi Utah, komanso dziko la Navajo ndi Hopi m'deralo.
Milandu yowonjezera yachitika m'madera ena oyandikira: California (kuphatikizapo Yosemite National Park), Washington, Texas, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, ndi Oregon.
Mavairasi Okhudzana ndi Hantavirus
Pakhala pali milandu yofanana ya ma hantaviruses m'mayiko ena a US. Ku Louisiana, pali vutolo la Bayou lomwe limanyamula mpunga wa mpunga. Ku Florida, pali Black Creek Canal. Ku New York, panali kachilombo ka HIV kamene kanatchedwa kachilombo ka New York-1. Matenda omwe amachititsidwa ndi mavairasi ofananawa nthawi zonse si ofanana, koma pali zofanana.
Ena akhala akudwala ndi maulendo amodzimodzi ku Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Paraguay, ndi Uraguay.
Palinso ma hantaviruses ena okhudzidwa kwambiri ku Ulaya ndi Asia omwe amachititsa matenda oopsa, koma osiyana: kutentha kwa thupi ndi matenda a chiwindi (HFRS). Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Puumala (PUUV) yomwe imapezeka makamaka ku Finland ndi Sweden, komanso m'madera a nkhalango ku Belgium, Germany, ndi Netherlands ndipo imafalikira kudzera ku voles. Zingatheke chifukwa cha kachirombo ka Tula (TULV), kachirombo ka Hantaan (HTNV), ndi kachilombo ka Seoul (SEOV).
Ndi Ndondomeko Ziti Zowopsa?
Ngakhale mu mayiko ndi mayiko komwe kuli Hantavirus, sizimphuphu zonse ndi makoswe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Mitundu ina yokha ikhoza kunyamula Hantavirus ndi mavairasi enieni ndi enieni a makoswe. Makoswewa amapezeka m'madera ena okha.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewa ndi makoswe omwe angathe kufalitsa kachilomboka. Osiyana makoswe anafalitsa zosiyana mitundu ya hantavirus.
- Nkhumba yamphongo ikhoza kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV (Sin Namba SNV). Amakhala ku nkhalango kumpoto kwa America, koma amatha kukhala m'malo opululu komanso m'nyumba ndi mizinda.
- Mphuno wa thonje ikhoza kufalitsa kachilombo (kuyambitsa matenda a Black Creek Canal BCCV). Amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa US komanso ku Central ndi South America. Amakhala mochuluka (zitsamba ndi udzu wamtali). Angathe kupitanso ku mizinda ngati izi zili zolondola.
- Mpunga wa mpunga ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono omwe amafalitsa vuto lina lotchedwa Bayou. Ndikum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa US ndi Central America. Amakhala m'mapiri ndipo amatha kusambira.
- Msoka wamtundu woyera umawoneka ngati mbola yamphongo, koma amakhala ndi kachilombo kosiyana (New York virus NYV). Ili kumbali ya kummawa kwa US, kuchokera kumwera kwa New England kupita ku Mid-Atlantic states (NY ndi NJ) mpaka kumayiko akumwera. Ikhozanso kupezeka ku Midwest ndi West of the US, komanso ku Mexico. Amakhala makamaka m'mapiri kapena m'madera ena koma amakhalanso m'madera ena.
Mwinanso pali makoswe ndi mbewa zomwe zimanyamula Hantavirus zomwe zingabweretse HPS koma sizipezeka. Pali magulu ena omwe amakhala ndi mavairasi ofanana omwe amachititsa matenda ena a Hantavirus: HFRS (kutentha kwa thupi ndi matenda a chiwindi).
Kodi Mumatani Kuti Mukhale Otetezeka?
Ngakhale pali njira zambiri zowonekera, kumbukirani kuti hantavirus ndi yosavuta. Kuonjezerapo, pali zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mutetezeke.
Choyamba choyamba, peŵani makoswe, madontho, mkodzo, ndi chirichonse chomwe iwo angafune kuti azichafuna kapena kudya. Komanso, pewani malo omwe angakhale: maofesi osungidwa, zipinda zosungiramo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, malo odziwika bwino, nkhokwe, kapena malo ena. Sungani chakudya mkati mwazitsulo zamatsenga kapena mufiriji kapena mafiriji. Onetsetsani kusindikiza mabowo omwe ali mumakoma kapena pansi pomwe pakhomo likhoza kulowa.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ingopangitsani kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mbewa kapena makoswe alowemo kumene mukukhala ndipo zisamawoneke kuti iwo akufuna kukhala. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti mumapita kumisasa ndi komwe mumagwira ntchito.
Chachiwiri, samalani momwe mukuyeretsera, ngati makoswe angakhalepo. Malamulo oyambirira ndi awa:
- Osasuntha, kupukuta, kapena kuyamwa kwazitsulo, mkodzo, chisa, kapena zinthu zina zowonongeka. Izi zikhoza kuponyera zinthu zonyansa mumlengalenga zomwe zingapume.
- Pewani kuyeretsa chilichonse m'nyumba, ngati n'kotheka. Ndi bwino kuyeretsa zipangizo kapena china chilichonse kunja. Kuunika kwa dzuwa kwa dzuwa ndi mpweya wabwino zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha HIV.
- Ndi bwino kuti madontho, mkodzo, ndi zinthu zina zonyansa zikhale zamadzimadzi bwino ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga chlorine kapena Lysol.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi, latex, vinyl, kapena nitrile ndi kutsuka manja anu ndi sopo komanso madzi kungathandize kwambiri kuti muteteze.
Ambiri omwe amadwala amakhala ndi zitovu kapena makoswe, koma si onse omwe amadziwa kuti akukumana ndi makoswe kapena madontho awo. Dziwani ngati muli pamalo omwe mungakhale ndi mbewa kapena zitosi. Ngati mungapezeke ndi zipangizo zochizira, muyenera kutsata malangizo omwe aperekedwa kudzera mu CDC ku US , boma la Canada, ndi asilikali a US .
Kodi Mungapeze Hantavirus Kuchokera kwa Winawake?
Kutumiza kwa Hantavirus sikuwoneke kuti kumachitika kuchokera ku munthu mmodzi kupita ku America . Hantavirus wothandizana nawo, Andes Hantavirus, wasonyezedwa kuti afalikire kwa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ku Chile ndi ku Argentina, koma kawirikawiri.
Kodi Hantavirus Amachitiridwa Bwanji?
Odwala amachiritsidwa nthawi zambiri popanda kudziŵa matenda omwe ali nawo poyamba. Mwina pangakhale kuchedwa pakuzindikira, makamaka ngati sikukudandaula. Odwala amatha kuchizidwa ndi maantibayotiki pa matenda ena, monga leptospirosis, omwe angayambitse matenda omwewo komanso amafalikira ndi makoswe. Komabe, Hantavirus ndi kachilombo ndipo samayankha mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Kodi Mukudziwa Bwanji Ngati Muli ndi Hantavirus?
Ogwira ntchito zamankhwala m'madera okhudzidwa angaganize kuti Hantavirus ngati wina ali ndi zizindikiro zina. Odwala odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malungo komanso mavuto omwe amapuma mosavuta mwadzidzidzi.Ayambe amakhala ndi malungo, zilonda, misomali, mutu, ndi GI. Matendawo amakula mofulumira; munthu wamng'ono wathanzi angafunikire mpweya mkati mwa masiku 2-3 atapempha chithandizo chamankhwala. Matendawa angayambitse matenda a mapapu omwe amafunikira oksijeni ndipo amawoneka kuti amakhudza mapapo onse awiri pa X-Ray (kapena pa kafukufuku).
Ma laboni angasonyeze kuti "kutentha kwa thupi" (kuwuka kwa maselo ofiira ofiira, kusiyana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi , komwe kungatheke pamene wina ataya madzi). Ma labu angasonyezenso kuchuluka koyera (neutrophils) ndi mapulaneti apansi ( thrombocytopenia ). perekani matendawa kwa ena kwa madokotala.
Matendawa, atakayikira, angatsimikizidwe ndi mayeso a labotale. Pali mayesero a anti-antibody (IgM kapena otchuka a IgG) ndi mayeso a PCR. Kuyezetsa ma labu sikupezeka kawirikawiri kuchipatala chachikulu. Iyenera kutumizidwa ku labotale yoyenera.
Mbiri ya Hantavirus
Mu 1993, kuphulika kwa kachilombo kamene kanadziwika kuti "Sin Number" ("popanda dzina") mwadzidzidzi alendo komanso odwala kumwera kwakumwera kwa US Young akuluakulu odwala mwadzidzidzi anadwala, sangathe kupuma, ndipo palibe matenda omwe angakhalepo apezeka.
Kuyambira April mpaka May 1993, panali milandu 24 yodziwika. Anthu khumi ndi awiri awa anafa.
Pomalizira pake, matendawa anapangidwa ndipo anapezeka chifukwa cha kachilombo kamene kamatchedwa hantavirus. Mitundu ina ya hantaviruses inali itadziwika kwina kulikonse, monga Korea, kale, koma iyi inali mitundu yatsopano (Sin Nombre Virus) m'madzi odziwika bwino a hantaviruses. Matendawa amadziwika kuti hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kachilomboka sikunayambe katsopano. Imeneyi inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe anthu ambiri akuchipatala anazindikira matendawa. Kuyang'ana mmbuyo ku zitsanzo zakale m'deralo zomwe zidapezeka kuti panali anthu omwe anamwalira asanadziŵe kuti anali ndi matendawa anali ndi Hantavirus. Nkhani yoyamba yodziwika poyesedwa poyesa zitsanzo zinali kuyambira 1959 mu mwamuna wazaka 38 wochokera ku Utah.
Ngakhale kuti kale matendawa amadziwika ndi matendawa amachokera ku Navajos m'dera lina laling'ono. Machitidwe a zachipatala a Navajo anazindikira matenda omwewo okhudzana ndi mbewa, mwachionekere zaka zambiri zisanachitike.
Mwachidule, kuphulika uku kunachitika chifukwa panali mbewa zambiri. Izi zinali ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi nyengo. Panali chilala kwa zaka zingapo. Nkhumba ndi nyama zawo zowonongeka zatsikira mu nambala. Chipale chofewa kwambiri ndi mvula zinadza pomwepo. Nthanga zawonjezeka mu chiwerengero ndipo zambiri zimagwirizanitsa ndi anthu.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'chilimwe ndi kugwa kwa 2012, anthu khumi omwe anachezera Yosemite Park adatsimikiziranso milandu khumi.
> Zotsatira:
> Castillo C. Kukula kwa ma antibodies ku Hantavirus Pakati pa Banja ndi Ogwira Ntchito Za Thandizo Othandizana Nawo Amene Ali ndi Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome: Kusowa kwa Umboni wa Kutumiza Kwachisawawa kwa Andes Virus kwa Ogwira Ntchito Zaumoyo ku Chile. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004; 70 (3): 302-4.
> CDC. Hantavirus. http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/
> Wells RM, Young J, Williams RJ, et al. Kutumiza Hantavirus ku United States. Dis Disfect Dis. 1997; 3 (3): 361-5.