Chromosome 16 ili ndi majini ambirimbiri. Udindo wa majini amenewa ndi kutsogolera mapuloteni, omwe amachititsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mwamwayi, ambiri amtunduwu ali okhudzana ndi mavuto a majeremusi pa chromosome 16. Kusintha kwa chiwerengero kapena chiwerengero cha ma chromosome kungayambitse mavuto ndi thanzi ndi chitukuko.
Maziko a Chromosomes
Chromosomes ndizomene zimapangitsa majini anu, omwe amapereka malangizo omwe amatsogolera chitukuko ndi ntchito. Pali ma chromosome 46, omwe amapezeka pawiri awiri, ndipo ali ndi majini ambirimbiri. Pazigawo ziwiri, imodzi imachokera kwa mayi ndi imodzi kuchokera kwa bambo. Ngakhale kuti aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi ma chromosomes 46 mu selo iliyonse ya thupi, ma chromosome akhoza kusoweka kapena ophatikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asayambe kapena owonjezera majini. Kuwonongeka uku kungayambitse mavuto mu ukhondo ndi chitukuko. Mavuto otsatirawa ndi chromosome 16.
Trisomy 16
Mu trisomy 16, mmalo mwa awiri ozolowereka, pali makina atatu a chromosome 16. Trisomy 16 imayerekezeka kuti imachitika pa oposa 1 peresenti ya mimba, ndipo imachititsa kuti trisomy ikhale yofala kwambiri kwa anthu. Mwamwayi, izi zimapangitsanso trisomy 16 chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo, chifukwa chikhalidwe sichigwirizana ndi moyo.
Trisomy 16 Mosaicism
Nthawi zina pangakhale ma chromosome atatu a 16, koma osati m'maselo onse a thupi (ena ali ndi makope awiri). Izi zimatchedwa mosaicism. Zizindikiro za trisomy 16 mosaicism zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukula kochepa kwa mwana wamwamuna pa nthawi ya mimba
- Matenda a mtima omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopanda mphamvu, monga mpweya wotchedwa septric defect (16 peresenti ya anthu) kapena vuto la atrial septal (10 peresenti ya anthu)
- Zochitika zachilendo zachilendo
- Mapapu osatukuka kapena mavuto opuma
- Musculoskeletal anomalies
- Kutsegula kotsika kwambiri (hypospadias) mu 7.6 peresenti ya anyamata
Palinso chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha kubadwa msanga kwa ana omwe ali ndi mosai wa trisomy 16.
16 P Minus (16p-)
Mu matendawa, mbali yafupi (p) mkono wa chromosome 16 ikusowa. Matenda omwe amagwirizana ndi 16p- ndi matenda a Rubinstein-Taybi .
16 P Plus (16p +)
Kubwereza kwa ena kapena mkono wapang'ono (p) wa chromosome 16 kungayambitse:
- Kukula kochepa kwa mwana wamwamuna pa nthawi ya mimba ndi mwana wakhanda
- Tsamba lazing'ono lozungulira
- Zopweteka kwambiri ndi nsidze
- Padziko lonse lapansi
- Nsagwada yayikulu yapamtunda ndi tsaya laling'ono
- Makutu ochepetsetsa okhala ndi ziphuphu
- Thumb anomalies
- Kusokonezeka maganizo kwambiri.
16 Q Pang'ono (16q-)
Mu matendawa, mbali ya kutalika (q) mkono wa chromosome 16 ikusowa. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi 16q-angathe kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kukula, ndi zolakwika, nkhope, mutu, ndi mawonekedwe a misomali.
16 Q Plus (16q +)
Kubwereza kwa ena kapena kutalika (q) mkono wa chromosome 16 kungabweretse zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kukula kosauka
- Kulephera kwa maganizo
- Mutu wosakanikirana
- Mphungu yapamwamba yokhala ndi mphuno yochepa kapena yothamanga kwambiri komanso milomo yopambana
- Zolakwika zosagwirizana
- Matenda a Genitourinary.
16p11.2 Kuchotsa Syndrome
Uku ndiko kuchotsedwa kwa gawo la mkono wamfupi wa chromosome wa pafupifupi majini 25, omwe amakhudza chromosome imodzi mu selo iliyonse. Anthu omwe amabadwa ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amachedwa kuchepa, kulemala, ndi matenda a autism. Komabe, ena alibe zizindikiro. Amatha kudutsa matendawa kwa ana awo, omwe ambiri ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri.
16p11.2 Kuwerengera
Ichi ndi kubwereza kwa gawo lomwelo 11.2 ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi kuchotsedwa. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kubwereza alibe zizindikiro.
Mofanana ndi matenda ochotsera, amatha kupatsira chromosome yosayenera kwa ana awo omwe angasonyeze zotsatira zoyipa.
Zovuta Zina
Pali zina zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchotseratu kapena kupweteka kwa mbali zina za chromosome 16. Kafukufuku wambiri amafunika kuchitidwa pa matenda onse a chromosome 16 kuti amvetse bwino zomwe zimakhudza anthu omwe akukhudzidwa nawo.
Zotsatira
> Mwachidule (ndi Basic) Chidule cha Chromosome 16 Matenda. Kusokonezeka kwa Chromosome 16 Foundation. http://www.trisomy16.org/about/what_are_doc16.html.
> Chromosome 16. Laibulale ya US National Medicine Genetics Home Reference. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome/16.