Kusindikiza Kwachangu
Kodi ndi chinenero chamtundu wanji pamene simusayina Chilankhulo Choyera cha ku America (ASL) ndi galamala yake kapena mumagwiritsa ntchito Chingerezi cholembera? Amatchedwa chizindikiro cha pidgin (ed) English, kapena PSE. Nthawi yowonjezereka ndi "kusindikiza kwachinsinsi," zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimayamba pakati pa anthu omwe amakumana ndi Chingerezi ndi kulemba.
Zina zosiyanasiyana ndi Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE) yomwe imasankha chizindikiro kuchokera ku tanthauzo lake mu ASL m'malo mwakumveka kwake kapena malembo mu Chingerezi koma amagwiritsira ntchito Chingerezi dongosolo lachilembo pomanga chikwangwani.
Izi zimasiyana ndi Chingerezi Cholembedwa ndi Manambala kumene zizindikiro zikuimira mawu a Chingerezi osati malingaliro omwe akuimira mu ASL.
Pidgin ndilo liwu la chinenero chirichonse chimene chimachitika pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Koma zilembo zimakhala zochepa, zophweka, zimakhala ndi mawu ochepa, ndipo palibe olankhula. Pazifukwa izi, mawuwa akutsutsana. Mwachidule, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti PSE ndi mawonekedwe a chinenero chamanja chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo monga Gallaudet ndi National Technical Institute for Deaf (NTID). Komanso, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zilankhulo zoyankhulidwa pakati pa zinenero ziwiri ndi pakati pa zinenero zosayina ndi zinenero zoyankhulidwa.
Kodi Chizindikiro cha Pidgin (ed) Chingerezi ndi chiani?
PSE sichinenero chenicheni ndipo ilibe malamulo. Iwo amawonedwa ndi akatswiri a zilankhulo za chinenero monga njira "yodzigwirizira" kusiyana pakati pa anthu olankhula chilankhulo cha ASL ndi olankhula Chingelezi.
Olankhula mwachibadwa akhoza kukhala osamva kapena kumva. Lili ndi malamulo osungiramo malamulo a ASL ndi galamala ya Chingerezi. Zizindikiro zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa PSE zimachokera ku ASL, koma sizigwiritsidwe ntchito mu njira ya ASL-ish, koma mchitidwe wachizolowezi wa Chingerezi.
Kufulumizitsa kuyankhulana, okamba nkhani za PSE sangagwiritse ntchito zinthu zina za Chingerezi monga zofotokozera ndi zosawerengeka zosonyeza "the" ndi "a." Iwo sangagwiritse ntchito mapeto a mawu, monga kusayina "ing," kapena kusayina nthawi zonse kapena zolemba zochitika zakale.
Mwachitsanzo, munthu anganene kuti "Ndikumaliza kuyeretsa" mmalo mwa "Ndatsuka." PSE ndiyomwe imakhala yokha ndipo anthu ogwiritsa ntchito amalankhulana mwanjira iliyonse yomwe amamverera bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito PSE kuli ngati kupitiliza pakati pa ASL ndi Chingerezi.
Kafufuzidwe mu Signed English Pidgin
Ceil Lucas wa ku Yunivesite ya Gallaudet University of ASL, Linguistics, ndikutanthauzira adachita kafukufuku wambiri ku PSE pamodzi ndi Clayton Valli. Ntchito ya Lucas ndi Valli ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu bukhu la 1992 "Language Contact in American Deaf Community," (ISBN 0-12-458040-8). Awonetsanso kusiyana pakati pa PSE ndi zilankhulo zomwe zinayankhulidwa ndikupatsanso mawu akuti "kulembera manja" m'malo mwake.
Kusiyanitsa kumodzi ndiko kusagwiritsira ntchito mawu osiyanasiyana mapeto omwe akuwoneka mu Chingerezi, monga momwe aliri ndi zinthu zomwe zatha. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwina ndikutanthauza kuti mawu omasulira ndi ochokera ku ASL pamene galamala imabwera kuchokera ku Chingerezi, osati zomwe zimapezeka m'zinenero zoyankhula.
> Zotsatira:
> Kulingalira kolondola Zowona (CASE). Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/parentsguide/building/case.html.
> Quinto-Pozos D. Zinenero zowonjezereka. Gallaudet University Press. http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/excerpts/SLICintro2.html.