Lens yothandizira ndi yowonongeka, yokongoletsa kapena chipangizo chochiritsira chomwe chimayikidwa mwachindunji pa khungu la diso. Malonda ophatikizana ali ndi phindu zambiri kwa ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe ndi oyenerera. Anthu ambiri amasankha kuvala magalasi opangidwa ndi maso kusiyana ndi magalasi a maso pamene sakuwongolera, amapereka masomphenya ochulukitsa, ndipo amakhala oyenerera masewera osiyanasiyana.
Malingaliro amtundu amasiyana malinga ndi zomangamanga, kuvala nthawi, ndondomeko yowonjezera, ndi kupanga. Ku United States, makina ojambulira amaonedwa ngati zipangizo zachipatala ndipo amafuna kuti adokotala azisamalira.
Choyamba Choyang'ana Mapulani a Lens
Ngakhale timaganiza za makina opangira makina monga zatsopano, lingalirolo linayambitsidwa ndi Leonardo da Vinci. Zaka mazana asanu zapitazo, iye anajambula zithunzi zosonyeza mmene mphamvu yothandizira diso ingasinthire mwachindunji ndi madzi. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, akatswiri ofufuza amaganiza za kuvala galasi pa diso kuti asinthe momwe maso athu akuyang'anira. Malingaliro awo mwina akanakhala opambana kwambiri ngati iwo akanakhala ndi zipangizo ndi njira zopangira zomwe iwo ali nazo lero. Pafupifupi zaka 120 zapitazo asayansi ku Germany anapanga lens yoyamba kunja kwa galasi. Iwo ankatchedwa zilonda zamakono chifukwa sankakhala pa cornea, zooneka ngati dome kumbali ya kutsogolo kwa diso, koma makamaka pa mbali yonse yoyera (sclerera) ya diso.
Ligid Lenses
Chakumayambiriro kwa 1940, anayamba kupanga phula loyamba la pulasitiki lomwe linangokhala pa cornea. Chipulasitiki ichi chinapangidwa ndi PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate.) Chifukwa chakuti disolo linali laling'ono kwambiri, zinkawoneka bwino. Lens ili silinalole kuti mpweya uyambe kudutsa komanso m'ma 1970, mabomba olemera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse vutoli.
Izi zikuwonetseratu mapangidwe a PMMA lens koma anali ndi thanzi labwino monga kulola kutuluka kwa misozi ndi kupuma kwa oxygen.
Malonda Othandizira Wofewa
Komanso m'ma 1970, oyambitsa ntchito ankayesa ndi pulasitiki yotchedwa HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate.) Zinthu izi zimagwira madzi ndipo zimasintha kuti zikhombedwe pamtunda. Chifukwa pulasitikiyo ikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a diso ndipo inali yofewa kwambiri, ma lenti a HEMA amapereka chitonthozo mwamsanga. Malonda awa anali okonzedwa kuti awiriwa azikhala pafupi chaka. Zotsatira zake, makampani opangira lens ankapita patsogolo pa liwiro lalikulu.
Malonda Othandizira Operewera
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, ma lens omwe amatha kusungunuka amapezeka pamsika kuti athe kugula komanso kugula anthu. Malonda awa adapangidwa kuti azivala kwa masabata awiri, mwezi umodzi, kapena kotala limodzi malingana ndi mtundu wa lens. Posakhalitsa, makilogalamu osungira tsiku ndi tsiku anatulutsidwa. Lens lamatayala tsiku lililonse amavala tsiku limodzi ndikuponyedwa kutali.
Zilonda za Silicone
Zaka zaposachedwapa, cholinga chake chasandulika ku pulasitiki yochokera ku pulasitiki yomwe imalola kuti okosijeni ambiri apitike mu pulasitiki kupita ku cornea. Komanso, opanga amapitirizabe kugwira ntchito mwakhama popanga pulasitiki yomwe inali "yotayika" ndipo sanaume pambuyo pa ma ovala.
Mabala a Scleral
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti malonda a scleral akudziwika kwambiri. Chifukwa njira zamakono zamakono zothandizira ndi makompyuta, magalasi a scleral akhoza kupangidwa kuti akhale omasuka bwino. Amagalasi opangidwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi maso owuma, ochuluka monga astigmatism, ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu zam'mimba ndi zowonongeka.
Komanso: Othandizira