Mankhwala Opweteka Ambiri Angakuthandizeni
Kwa mitundu ina ya ululu, pamene mankhwala opweteka kwambiri a OTC (OTC) sali okwanira, dokotala wanu angasankhe kulemba mankhwalawa kuti apulumuke. Kumbukirani kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukuwagwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo zowonjezereka, chifukwa angagwirizane ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo.
Anticonvulsants
Ngakhale kuti ma antiticulants amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda, amathandizanso kuti athetse ululu, makamaka ululu umene umayambitsa matenda a mitsempha.
Amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mitsempha - makamaka mitsempha yowonongeka - kutumiza chizindikiro cha ululu. Mwachitsanzo, Carbamazepine imathandiza kuti maselo a mitsempha asapitirize kuwombera mobwerezabwereza.
- Zitsanzo: Awa ndi Tegretol (carbamazepine), Klonopin (clonazepam), Topamax (topiramate), Neurontin (gabapentin), Gabitril (tiagabine), Lyrica (pregabalin) ndi Valium (diazepam).
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Ululu woopsa chifukwa cha matenda a mitsempha yotchedwa neuralgia (kupweteka kwa mitsempha ya shingles), trigeminal neuralgia ndi ululu wa mitsempha wodwala matenda a shuga (matenda a shuga).
- Zofunika Kudziwa: Ambiri amatsenga amatha kulekerera, koma carbamazepine ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa, kuphatikizapo mavuto a chiwindi ndi kusintha kwake; ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha izi ndi zina. Mankhwalawa amakhalanso ovomerezeka komanso otsutsana ndi amayi apakati.
Kudetsa nkhaŵa
Ochita kafukufuku akuyamba kumvetsa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa-ndi-zotsatira pakati pa ululu ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
Kudetsa nkhaŵa kumagwira ntchito mwa kusintha kusintha kwa ubongo ndi ubongo wa ubongo mu ubongo. Mitundu itatu yambiri ya anti-depressants: 1) Tricyclic, 2) kusankha serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ndi 3) serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs), tricyclics amavomerezedwa kaamba ka ululu.
Komabe, SSNRI ngati Cymbalta (duloxetine), inatsimikiziranso kupambana kwa mtundu wina wa ululu, monga umene umagwirizanitsa ndi matenda a ubongo.
- Zitsanzo: Izi zikuphatikizapo Prozac (fluoxetine), Paxil (paroxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Elavil (amitriptyline), Norpramin (desipramine), Effexor (venlafaxine), Sinequan (doxepin), Wellbutrin (bupropion), Serzone (nefazodone), Desyrel (trazadone) ndi Cymbalta (duloxetine).
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Migraines, kupweteka kwa msambo, pulogalamu ya m'mimba, matenda a shuga, fibromyalgia, ululu wa m'mbuyo komanso neuralgia.
- Zofunika Kudziwa: Ambiri oponderezedwa amatenga masiku angapo kapena masabata kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito; Chifukwa chaichi, iwo akhoza kuuzidwa ndi wina wodwala mankhwala ozunguza bongo monga mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (NSAID). Mankhwala ochepetsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito kupweteka nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa kusiyana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa kupanikizika.
Antimigraine Mankhwala
Mitundu itatu ya mankhwala operekedwa kwa migraines - triptans, ergots, ndi isometheptene - amatchedwa mankhwala ochotsa mimba chifukwa, atengedwera mofulumira, amatha kuletsa migraine kapena kuchepetsa kupweteka kofanana. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa mitsempha ya mitsempha, makamaka mitsempha yamakono, motero amachepetsa ubongo.
- Zitsanzo: Izi zimaphatikizapo Imitrex (sumatriptan), Zomig (zolmitriptan), Maxalt (rizatriptan), Amerge (naratriptan), Axert (almotriptan), Frovalan (frovatriptan), Midrin (isometheptene, dichloralphenazone, acetaminophen) ndi Ergomar, Wigraine, Cafergot, Migranal (ergotamine) mankhwala.
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Migraines, koma kupweteka kungathetsedwe ngati mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yoyamba ya zizindikiro za migraine.
- Zofunika Kudziwa: Triptans zakhala zikukhudzidwa ndi mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo matenda a mtima ndi zikwapu; Angagwirizanenso bwino ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo SSRIs ndi Tagamet (cimetidine).
Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kutupa; Kawirikawiri amalembedwa m'munsimu kuti asachepetse kuopsa kwa zotsatira zake. Mankhwala a corticosteroids angatengedwe pamlomo, mwa jekeseni, ndi inhaler, kapena ngati zonunkhira.
- Zitsanzo: Izi zikuphatikizapo Deltasone (prednisone), Hydeltrasol (prednisolone) ndi Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone).
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Kupweteka ndi kutupa komwe kumakhudzana ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi ndi lupus.
- Chofunika Kudziwa: Matenda a corticosteroids amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa, kuphatikizapo kulemera, glaucoma, nthenda ya shuga, shuga yambiri yamagazi, zilonda zam'mimba, kusungunuka kwa madzi, kusinthasintha kwa thupi, kutetezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magazi ndi matenda otupa mafupa.
Cox-2 Inhibitors
Ma cox-2 inhibitors ndi ma NSAID omwe sangayambitse kupweteka m'mimba kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya NSAIDS, monga aspirin, ibuprofen, ndi naproxen. Cox-2 inhibitors amagwira ntchito mwa kuletsa kupanga cyclo-oxygenase-2, mavitamini omwe amabweretsa kutupa ndi ululu.
- Chitsanzo: Chokhacho Cox-2 inhibitor chomwe chilipo tsopano ku US ndi Celebrex (celecoxib).
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Amagazi ndi kupweteka kwa msambo.
- Zofunika Kudziwa: Mu 2004, Vioxx (rofecoxib) - COX-2 inhibitor yopangidwa ndi Merck - anachotsedwa pamsika chifukwa chogwirizana ndi matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa. Celebrex ingayambitse ngozi zofanana.
Opioids
Opioids poyamba anachokera ku chomera cha poppy; lero, ma opioids alipo mu mawonekedwe a organic and synthetic. Iwo amapezekanso pamodzi ndi ena operewera, monga ibuprofen ndi acetaminophen. Chifukwa chakuti opioids ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asokonezeke, nthawi zina amauzidwa ndi zolimbikitsa.
- Zitsanzo: Izi zimaphatikizapo mankhwala angapo a morphine, Codeine (codeine phosphate), Actiq (fentanyl citrate), Oxycontin (oxycodone) ndi Vicodin (hydrocodone ndi acetaminophen).
- Zabwino Kwambiri Zochizira: Ululu wowawa, monga mtundu wa ululu umene ukhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena kuvulala koopsa kapena ululu wopweteka chifukwa cha khansa ya metastatic.
- Zofunika Kudziwa: Opioids amatha kukhala osokoneza bongo, koma akagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe amachitira kuvutika kwafupipafupi, chiopsezo ichi chachepetsedwa kwambiri. Zoipa zimaphatikizapo kudzimbidwa, kunyoza, kugona ndi mavuto opuma.
Nkhani Yoyamba Kusinthidwa ndi Naveed Slaeh, MD, MS, pa 2/28/2016.
Zotsatira
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