Mbiri, Zomwe Zimakhudza, ndi Mmene Zimapangidwira Kusintha kwa Zaumoyo
Hyde Amendment imalepheretsa ndalama za federal kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipira kuchotsa mimba - popanda zochepa chabe - kudzera pulogalamu iliyonse yomwe ikuperekedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo (HHS).
Chigamulochi, chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi Rep. Henry Hyde (R, Illinois), chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1976, ndipo ngakhale kuti sichikhala lamulo losatha, Congress yakhazikitsanso chaka chonse kwa zaka makumi anayi zapitazo, kuyika ngati wokwera ku bili ya ma HHS .
Zokhazokha pansi pa Hyde Amendment ndi milandu yokhudza kugwiriridwa kapena kugonana, kapena pamene moyo wa mayi uli pangozi.
Kodi Ndani Amakhudzidwa ndi Vuto Lake?
Kusintha kwakukulu kumakhudza amai omwe ali ndi Medicaid , koma amapitanso ku a Health Insurance Insurance Program , Indian Health Services, ndi Medicare (pafupifupi amayi milioni omwe ali ndi zaka zakubadwa ali ndi matenda a Medicare, pomwe pulogalamuyi ikukhudza omwe ali ndi chilema kuwonjezera pa okalamba).
Zomwe zikuchitika pazaka zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za amayi omwe ali m'gulu la asilikali (TRICARE), ogwira ntchito ku federal omwe amapatsidwa ntchito kudzera ku Federal Employee Health Benefits Program, ndi amayi omwe akutumikira ku Peace Corps.
Kuletsedwa kwa kuchotsa mimba kwa odzipereka ndi azimayi a Peace Corps omwe akugwira ntchito mu usilikali kwenikweni anapita mopitirira zofunikira za Hyde Amendment, kuyambira 1979 mpaka 2014 kwa Odzipereka a Peace Corps, ndipo kuyambira 1981 mpaka 2013 kwa akazi a usilikali.
Lamulo la ndalama za mtendere wa 1979 la Peace Corps linaphatikizapo kuletsa kwathunthu kuchotsa mimba kwa odzipereka, mosasamala kanthu kugwiriridwa, kugonana ndi zibwenzi, kapena kuopsa kwa thanzi la mkazi. Kuletsedwa kumeneku kunakhalapobe mpaka chaka cha 2014, pamene ndalama zatsopano zowonetsera mimba zinapereka chithandizo chochotsera mimba kupita kwa a Peace Corps odzipereka panthawi yogwiririra kapena kugonana, kapena pamene moyo wa mkazi udzakhala pangozi ndi kutenga mimba mpaka nthawi.
Kuchokera apo, odzipereka odzipereka a Peace Corps atulutsa mimba yolingana ndi zomwe Hyde Amendment amapereka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizingaphimbidwe, koma nthawi zina kugwiriridwa, kugonana, kapena chiopsezo kwa amayi, ndizo.
Kuyambira mu 1981, kwa akazi ogwira usilikali, kuchotsa mimba kunangobisika ngati moyo wa mkazi uli pangozi yopitiliza kutenga mimba. Koma m'chaka cha 2013, chiwerengero cha asilikali chinaphatikizapo kufotokozedwa pochotsa mimba pogwiriridwa kapena kugonana, kubweretsana ndi Hyde Amendment.
Njira yothetsa mimba ya Medicaid
Chifukwa cha Hyde Amendment, ndalama za federal Medicaid (zomwe zimadutsa kudzera mu HHS) sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulipira kuchotsa mimba pokhapokha ngati pakugwiriridwa, kugonana, kapena kuopsa kwa moyo wa mayi.
Zikomo mwa gawo lowonjezera la Care Act kukulitsa kwa Medicaid (yomwe ili pangozi yotsatira chisankho cha Donald Trump), amayi awiri mwa amayi 10 aliwonse a ku America omwe ali ndi zaka zobereka amakhala ndi Medicaid.
Ndipo kuchotsa mimba ndi kosavomerezeka kwa amayi omwe alibe ndalama zambiri. Pafupi theka la kuchotsa mimba zomwe zinachitika mu 2014 zinali za amayi omwe ali ndi ndalama zowonjezera umphawi. Pansi pa Ntchito Yabwino Yothandizira (ACA), aliyense amene ali ndi ndalama pansi pa umphawi akhoza kupeza Medicaid, komabe pali mayiko 19 omwe anakana kufalitsa Medicaid, ndipo 18 mwa iwo, pali kusiyana kochepa .
Kotero amayi ena omwe ali ndi ndalama zoperewera pa umphawi alibe njira yeniyeni ya inshuwalansi ya umoyo. Zambiri mwazo ndi Medicaid, ngakhale kuti Hyde Amendment imaletsa ndalama za federal Medicaid kuti zichotse mimba nthawi zambiri.
Koma Medicaid imathandizidwa ndi mgwirizano ndi boma ndi boma. Ndipo ndime 15 zimagwiritsa ntchito ndalama za Medicaid ndalama kuti zichotse mimba m'madera ena osati kungokwatira, kugonana, kapena kuopsa kwa moyo wa mayi:
- Alaska
- California
- Connecticut
- Hawaii
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Montana
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- Oregon
- Vermont
- Washington
- West Virginia
Ambiri mwa iwo akutero chifukwa cha lamulo la khoti.
Arizona ndi Illinois amakhalanso ndi malamulo amodzimodzi a khoti koma akupitiriza-kuphwanya malamulo a khoti-kupereka ndalama zokhazokha za mimba pochotsa mimba, kugonana ndi zibwenzi, kapena kuopsa kwa moyo wa mayi.
Nanga Bwanji Za Kusinthanitsa kwa Inshuwalansi Zaumoyo?
Donald Trump anapambana chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 2016 ndipo adalonjeza kubwezeretsa ndi kubwezeretsa ACA. Kotero tsogolo la lamulo liri mmwamba. Koma kwa nthawiyi, Hyde Amendment imathandizira momwe kufotokozera kumaperekedwera ndikuperedwa ndalama zogulitsa inshuwalansi.
ACA inakhazikitsa mgwirizano wa inshuwalansi m'mayiko onse, ambiri mwa iwo akuyendetsedwa ndi boma la federal kudzera ku HealthCare.gov. Mapulani onse a malonda omwe adagulitsidwa kuchokera mu 2014-kuphatikizapo omwe amagulitsidwa pamsinkhu-ayenera kuphatikizapo kufotokozera zopindulitsa 10 zofunikira zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi ACA. Ngakhale chisamaliro cha amayi, chithandizo cha kulera, ndi kulera kwa amayi ndizofunikira zonse, kuchotsa mimba sikutanthauza. Koma pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mapulani azaumoyo ovomerezeka a ACA sakuletsa kubisa mimba.
Mayiko angathe kukhazikitsa malamulo awo pokhapokha ngati zogulitsira zaumoyo zogulitsa pazomwe zimapereka zingathandize kupereka mimba. Pofika m'chaka cha 2016, panali mayiko 25 omwe adatsata malamulo awo kuti athetseretu kuchotsa mimba pazinthu zogulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthanitsa. Ambiri mwa iwo amapereka zosiyana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Hyde Amendment (mwachitsanzo, milandu yogwiririra, kugonana, kapena chiopsezo kwa amayi).
Kusinthanitsa ndi malo okha omwe ndalama zothandizira ndalama zowonjezereka zimapezeka, ndipo amalimbikitsa ufulu wa kubereka adanena kuti m'mayiko 25wo (pamodzi ndi mayiko asanu ndi limodzi omwe mabungwe a inshuwalansi amaloledwa kuphatikizirapo kuchotsa mimba pazondomeko zawo koma asankha kusachita ), palibe mwayi wopezera inshuwalansi yapamwamba yokhazikika ndi kuchotsa mimba.
Koma kumbali ina ya kutsutsanako, otsogolera amavomereza kuti m'mayiko omwe kutulutsa mimba kumaloledwa, zimakhala zovuta kwa olembetsa moyo kuti azindikire zolinga zomwe zimachotsa mimba ndi zomwe sizili. Pofika m'chaka cha 2016, panali maiko awiri a Hawaii ndi Vermont-omwe amapanga malingaliro okhudzana ndi kuchotsa mimba, ndikupanga vuto loti anthu azilembera ndi kutsutsa mchitidwe wochotsa mimba.
Mapulani a inshuwalansi a zaumoyo ogulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusinthana amathandizidwa pang'onopang'ono kudzera mu thandizo la ACA's premium. Choncho kutsatizana ndi Hyde Amendment kumafuna inshuwalansi za mgwirizano zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chochotsa mimba-kupatulapo zochepa zochepa mu Hyde Amendment-kusonkhanitsa malipiro awiri a premium ndi kuwasunga m'mabuku osiyanasiyana. Ndimo momwe amatsimikizira kuti ndalama zoperekera ndalama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mtengo wa kulumikizidwa kwazinthu zosagwirizana ndi kuchotsa mimba. Koma kuchokera kwa wogulayo, sizovuta, monga lamulo limalola kuti msonkho wonse wa msonkho uzilipiridwa ndi malipiro amodzi, ndipo wothandizira angathe kulekanitsa ndalamazo atalandira kulipira.
Zomwe Zingalepheretse Kulipira Mmodzi Wodwala Health Care
Ngakhale kuti anagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi ovoti a Colorado mu chisankho cha 2016, olemba malipiro omwe anali osakwatira anayesera kufotokoza ColoradoCare , njira yowonjezereka yopereka chithandizo chamankhwala yomwe ikanagwira ntchito mu 2019. Cholinga chinali, mosakayikira, kukanidwa ndi anthu odziwa ntchito. Koma adakanidwanso ndi magulu ena omwe amapita patsogolo, omwe kawirikawiri amavomereza chisankho chofuna kulandira chithandizo chimodzi. Imodzi mwa mavuto omwe amalimbikitsa otsogolera anali okhudzana ndi kuchotsa mimba.
NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado inatsutsa ColoradoCare chifukwa chakuti izo zidzathetsa kufalitsa mimba mu boma. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chawo chinali chakuti dziko la Colorado Constitution, kuyambira 1984, linaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma kubweza mimba "pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira kuti tipewe imfa ya mkazi kapena mwana wosabadwa kumene kuli kuyesayesa kulikonse kochitidwa pofuna kusunga moyo wa aliyense."
ColoradoCare ikanatha kudalitsidwa kudzera kuphatikizapo boma ndi federal ndalama pansi pa mtengo wothandizira Care Act 1332 Innovation waiver. Ngakhale kuti nkhani ya ColoradoCare yomwe idaperekedwa patsogolo pa chisankho siinatchule kutulutsa mimba konse, ovomerezeka omwe anali osankhidwawo adamva kuti palibe njira yomwe akanatha kulipira mimba, ndipo amadandaula kuti akazi ku Colorado omwe panopa kutenga chithandizo chochotsa mimba kudzera inshuwalansi yaumwini kungawononge mwayi wopeza mimba pansi pa ColoradoCare.
Zomwe zinachitikanso pamene Senatorat Bernie Sanders (D, Vermont) adapempha njira yake ya "Medicare for All". Chifukwa chakuti mapulani a Sanders akanatha kuthetseratu mapulani aumwini (komwe kutulutsa mimba kumapezeka kwambiri) ndikuwatsitsimutsa ndi inshuwalansi yodalirika yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi federally yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ndi HHS (ndipo motero imayenderana ndi Hyde Amendment) mamiliyoni a akazi angakhale atataya inshuwalansi ya umoyo kuchotsa mimba .
Koma kulandira chithandizo kwa amayi osakwatira kulibe patebulo la tsogolo lapadera, potsatira kupambana kwa Trump mu chisankho cha pulezidenti ndi ambiri a Republican m'nyumba ndi Senate.
Kodi Kusinthidwa kwa Hyde Kusinthidwa M'Chilamulo?
Pulezidenti wosankhidwa Donald Trump adanena nthawi zambiri panthawiyi kuti iye amatsutsa mimba. Ngakhale kuti webusaiti yake yothandizira ntchitoyi siinatanthawuze za kuchotsa mimba mu chipatala chake, webusaiti yake yosinthira imakhala ndi chidule chachidule chachipatala chomwe chimanena kuti Administration yake idzagwira ntchito "kuteteza moyo waumphawi kuchokera pachiberekero kufikira imfa ya chilengedwe."
Ngakhale a Democrats ndi Hillary Clinton adaitana kuti achotse Hyde Amendment palimodzi, Republican Party Platform inafuna kulimbikitsa kukhala lamulo . Nyumba ya Oyimilira inapereka malamulo mu 2011 zomwe zingapangitse Hyde Amendment kukhala lamulo losatha, koma silinadutse Senate.
Mu September 2016, Trump analemba kalata yomwe adabwereza potsutsa mimba yake, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko zake zosankha kutsutsa mimba ku Khoti Lalikulu, komanso kufuna kwake kupanga Hyde Amendment kukhala lamulo losatha.
Ikutsalira kuti iwone ngati Hyde Amendment idzakhala yosatha. Pakalipano, tingaganize kuti posachepera, idzapitiriza kuwonjezeredwa ku ngongole zamakono za tsogolo lapadera.
> Zotsatira:
> Chidziwitso cha ACLU pa Peace Corps Mimba yotulutsa mimba, 2014
> Bernie 2016, Medicare kwa Onse.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Mapulogalamu Othandizira Mimba ku Medicaid, Plans Marketplace, ndi Mapulani Okhaokha. January 20, 2016.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Hyde Amendment ndi Mapulogalamu Othandiza Mimba, September 30, 2016.
> NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado. NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado Imalengeza Kutsutsa Kusinthidwa 69. June 22, 2016.