Mavuto ndi chithandizo cha matendawa a impso
Mwachidule
Monga momwe dzina limasonyezera, impso za akavalo ndizosazolowereka pamene impso ziwiri zimagwirizana pamodzi kuti apange kavalo. Komabe, si mawonekedwe komanso maonekedwe a impso zomwe si zachilendo. Malo awo ndi achilendo komanso.
M'malo mokhala pamimba pamtunda, pansi pa nthiti komanso pafupi ndi msana wanu, impso za akavalo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri m'mimba.
Izi sizinthu zokhazokha zachibadwa za impso 'malo kapena chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo china chofala ndi chinachake chotchedwa " ectopic impso ." Tisanayambe kumvetsa chifukwa chake impso za mahatchi zimapanga komanso zimakhudza bwanji, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa bwino mapangidwe a impso za munthu pa chitukuko chathu mu chiberekero.
Kumvetsetsa Mapangidwe a Impso Yachibadwa
Pamene tili mu chigamulo ndikuyamba kukhala munthu wathunthu, impso zathu zimayenda mu magawo atatu a chitukuko musanayambe kupanga impso yokwanira yogwira ntchito bwino:
- Pronephros
- Mesonephros
- Metanephros
Tangoganizirani msuzi waukulu wa maselo ndi nyumba zamakono zomwe zidzakangana pamodzi ndi impso zowonjezeka bwino. Gawo la metanephros limakwaniritsidwa pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Amapangidwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "mesenchyme metanephric" komanso "buds." Mapangidwe awa adzapanga impso ndi ureter.
Nchifukwa chiyani tifunikira kumvetsetsa njirayi? Tikazindikira kuti impso za umunthu zimapangidwanso kusintha kwapakati pazomwe zimapangidwira mpaka kumapeto kwake, zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa zosaoneka ngati impso za akavalo. Choncho ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti mzere wa metanephros womwe umatchulidwa pamwambawu (womwe umatsogola impso zotulukira) umakhala m'malo mwa pelvis, osati kumene kuli malingaliro okhwima (impso chapamwamba)!
Pamene takula msinkhu kuchokera mu mimba, mwana wathu amakula chifukwa cha kukula kwa mphuno zomwe zimachokera m'mimba mwace ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimakwera kumalo ake otsiriza (pansi pa nthiti ndi pamphepete mwa msana ). Sikuti impso zimangokwera pokhapokha, zimatembenuka mkati kotero kuti chomwe chimatchedwa "renal pelvis" tsopano chikuyang'ana pamphepete mwa msana. Ndondomekoyi imatchedwa kutembenuka, pamene kuphuka kwa impso kumalo ake otsiriza kumatchedwa kusamukira. Ndondomekoyi imatha nthawi yomwe mwana wakhanda ali ndi masabata 8.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi kufotokoza mwachidule za mapangidwe a impso zaumunthu, tingayambe kuzindikira kuti kusokonezeka kulikonse ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kudzatanthawuza kuti impso zathu zingathe kukhala pamalo olakwika, mwina akhoza kutha anaphatikizidwa mu misa limodzi, osati kusiyana ndi impso zolondola ndi zamzere.
Mapangidwe
Impso za akavalo ndi zomwe timachitcha "kusokonezeka kwa fusion." Monga momwe mawuwa akusonyezera, kusokonezeka kwa fusion kudzachitika pamene impso imodzi imagwirizanitsa wina. Izi zidzachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kulikonse ndi ndondomeko yoyendayenda ya impso zonse. Chosavuta kwambiri ndicho chodabwitsa komwe kusamukira kwachilendo kumakhudza impso imodzi m'malo mosiyana ndi imzake, zomwe zimapangitsa impso zonse kukhalapo mbali imodzi ya mzere wa msana.
Izi zimatchedwa "" impso zotchedwa Ectopic ".
Pafupipafupi impso za akavalo, pamtengo wapansi wa impso udzaphatikizana palimodzi ndipo izi zimapanga mawonekedwe a kavalo. Ma tubes omwe amachotsa mkodzo kuchokera ku impso zathu (otchedwa ureters) adakalipo ndipo amachoka mbali imodzi mosiyana. Gawo lophatikizana la impso limatchulidwa kuti "chiwonongeko.
Izi zimatha kapena sizikhoza kukhala zosiyana pa msana. Ngati zimakhala mbali imodzi kumbali imodzi, timayitcha "yopanda mafinsi". Matenda a impso angagwire kapena sangakhale ngati chimbudzi, choncho si zachilendo kungoona impso ziwiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu losagwira ntchito.
Kukula
Kawirikawiri, kafukufuku wasonyeza kukhalapo kwa impso za akavalo paliponse kuchokera kwa odwala 0.4 mpaka 1.6, mwa kubadwa kulikonse kwa 10,000. Komabe, izi ndi zochitika zokha. Zochitika zenizeni zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba chifukwa kukhalapo kwa impso za akavalo nthawi zambiri sikudziwika kwa wodwala wodwalayo.
Zizindikiro
Ambiri sadzatero. Ndipotu, impso za akavalo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pa zojambula zomwe zimachitika pazifukwa zina. Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zilipo, nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapezeka mu mkodzo chifukwa cha malo osazolowereka komanso impso. Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:
- Kuwotcha panthawi ya kukodza, kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi kwa mitsempha, kuthamanga kwa mkodzo-zonse zimalengedwa chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana. Chizoloŵezichi chikuwonekera chifukwa cha madzi osakanikirana omwe amatha kuyamwa. Izi zimabweretsa mitsempha ya mkodzo womwe umakhala wabwino kwambiri kwa mabakiteriya kuti akule bwino
- Ntchentche kapena ululu wamphuno chifukwa chotsekemera mkodzo
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha impso miyala. Izi zidzapangitsa ululu wamtundu kapena ululu monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, komanso ukhoza kuyambitsa maonekedwe a magazi mu mkodzo. Miyala yokha ingayambitse matenda opangira mkodzo
- Kukhalapo kwa mkodzo reflux kwa chikhodzodzo kwa odwala, zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda opangira mkodzo komanso kupweteka mu impso. Izi zimatchedwa VUR (reficx vesicoureteral)
- Hydronephrosis - izi zimatanthawuza njira yowonjezera, yotsekedwa ndi madzi a impso. Kulepheretsa kumeneku kungapangidwe ndi impso kapena miyala yowonongeka, kuphatikizapo kuponderezana kwa odwala ndi maonekedwe akunja.
- Zovuta zina zaubereki - popeza impso za akavalo zingakhale mbali ya mafupa ochuluka omwe amachititsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana isamagwiritsidwe ntchito, zizindikiro zina za tsamba la urogenital zikhoza kuzindikiranso. Izi zimaphatikizapo mayesero osadziwika mwa anyamata, kapena chiberekero chosachiritsika kwa atsikana.
Mavuto
Zovuta zambiri zimachokera ku zizindikiro zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa ndi zizindikiro za impso za akavalo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitetezo mu njira ya mkodzo.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti odwala okhala ndi impso za mahatchi amaoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha mtundu wina wa chifuwa cha impso chotchedwa "Wilms tumor". Zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo sizimveka bwino. Izi zinayamba kukhazikitsidwa ndi Pulogalamu ya National Wilms Tumor Study imene inakhala kwa zaka pafupifupi 30 ndipo inadziwika odwala 41 omwe ali ndi tumor Wilms amene anali ndi impso za mahatchi.
Mwinanso kudandaula kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikuti nsomba zapamadzi zimakhala zovulazidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta za m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, kuvulala kwa belt kumapangidwe pangozi ya galimoto, lamba la mpando likhoza kugwedeza m'mimba, kuphatikizapo impso za akavalo pamsana. Impso za umunthu zomwe zimakhala pamwamba komanso zosagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi sizimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Kudziwa
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, impso za akavalo zidzawoneka pazithunzi za m'mimba. Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunikanso ngati zizindikiro, zizindikiro, kapena zovuta zowoneka pamwambapa zakhala zikudziwika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwakhala mukudwala matenda opatsirana amtendere mobwerezabwereza, matenda a impso anu amatha kupangira chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) kudziwa ngati mkodzo uliwonse ulipo. Mayesero ena omwe angathe kulamulidwa ndi awa:
- Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito ya impso : izi zimaphatikizapo mayesero a magazi monga BUN ndi ma levelininine, ndi kulingalira kwa GFR. Kuyezetsa mkodzo kwa mapuloteni kapena magazi kumathandizanso. Chonde onani apa kuti mudziwe zambiri.
- Kuwongolera kwazitsulo kuti mutsimikizire kusokonezeka
- CT Urogram
Chithandizo
Ngati palibe vuto lalikulu kapena zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro zilipo, ndipo ntchito ya impso ndi yachibadwa, palibe mankhwala ena oyenera. Komabe wodwalayo ayenera kuchenjezedwa za impso za impso zawo kuti zisawonongeke m'mimba. Ngati pali mavuto omwe amachitidwa chifukwa cholepheretsa mkodzo, wodwalayo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi katswiri (nephrologist ndi urologist) kuti adziwe njira zina zomwe angagwiritsire ntchito kuti athetse vutoli. Kwa odwala ambiri, kufalikira kwa nthawi yaitali ndi bwino.
Mawu Ochokera
Kumbukirani kuti impso za akavalo ndizosazolowereka kwenikweni kwa impso 'malo ndi mapangidwe. Ngakhale kuti odwala ambiri sangakhale ndi zizindikiro ndipo zizindikiro zawo za akavalo zidzatulukiridwa pamaganizo, kumbukirani kuti zizindikiro zingathe kuchitidwa ndi odwala ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi kutsekeka kwa mkodzo, miyala ya impso, kapena matenda a mkodzo.
Ngati zizindikiro zilipo, chithandizo, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha opaleshoni kuti athetse vutoli, chingakhale chofunikira, koma odwala ambiri akhoza kuyang'anitsitsa bwinobwino ndipo palibe kupitanso patsogolo kapena kuchiza n'kofunikira. Ngakhale kuti mukuyenera kukumbukira kuopsa kwa kuvulazidwa ndi ubongo wamphongo (makamaka kuchokera ku zowawa za m'mimba), kumbukirani kuti kuvomereza kwa nthawi yaitali kwabwino!
> Zotsatira:
> Fekak H, et al. Kutsogolera kwa impso za akavalo zochokera pa milandu 36. Prog Urol. 2004 Sep; 14 (4): 485-8.
> O'Brien J ku al. Kujambula kwa impso za akavalo ndi zovuta zawo.J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2008 Jun; 52 (3): 216-26. lembani: 10.1111 / j.1440-1673.2008.01950.x.
> Pascual Samaniego M, ndi al. Kusokonezeka maganizo kwa impso za akavalo. Actas Urol Esp. 2006 Apr; 30 (4): 424-8.
> Neville H, ndi al. Zomwe zimachitika ku Wilms zotupa mu impso za akavalo: lipoti lochokera ku National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) .J Pediatr Surg. 2002 Aug, 37 (8): 1134-7.