Azimayi - makamaka amayi apakati okhala ndi chithokomiro - amafunikira ayodini wambiri . Iodini ndi yofunikira chifukwa ndi malo omanga thupi kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro . Pa 1 trimester yoyamba ya mimba, pamene mwana sangathe kubereka mahomoni a chithokomiro, amayi amapanga "hormone ya chithokomiro yawiri," kutanthauza. Ngati alibe ayodini okwanira m'dongosolo lake, thanzi la mwanayo - komanso thanzi lake - lingadwale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavitamini a chithokomiro.
Ngakhale kusowa kwa ayodini sikukhala vuto ku United States, ikukula. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2006, bungwe la Public Health Committee la American Thyroid Association (ATA) linatulutsa mawu m'nyuzipepala yotchedwa Thyroid kuti amayi onse apakati aziwonjezera ndi ayodini. Ndipo kafukufuku wa kafukufuku wa National Health and Nutrition Research (NHANES) wa 2003-2004 anapeza kuti amayi oposa 37% a zaka za kubala ali ndi amayendedwe a ayodini amodzi omwe amasonyeza kuchepa kwa ayodini wofatsa.
Mipata Yotchulidwa ya Iodini
Kuda nkhawa ndi kusowa kwa ayodini pa nthawi ya mimba ndi lactation (kuyamwitsa) kwachititsa mabungwe angapo akupereka malangizo ndi ndondomeko za kudya kwa ayodini. Malinga ndi New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), izi ndizimene zimayendera kudya kwa ayodini panthawi ya mimba ndi lactation:
- Zakudya za iodini tsiku lililonse za 220 μg pa nthawi ya mimba ndi 290 μg pa nthawi ya lactation - Institute of Medicine
- Zakudya za ayodini tsiku ndi tsiku kwa 250 μg kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akulera abambo - World Health Organization
- Vitamini ndi mlingo wa ayodini wa 150 μg kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akulera ana - The American Thyroid Association
Malangizo a 2011 a Matenda a Chithokomiro pa Mimba imalimbikitsanso ayodini supplementation panthawi yoyamba, mimba komanso pamene akuyamwitsa.
Ngakhale amayi ambiri amaganiza kuti mavitamini operekera ali ndi zakudya zonse zofunika mthupi mwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati, ma multimitamini omwe amatha kugulitsa ku United States sakulamulidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mavitamini oyembekezera ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ayodini, ndipo chifukwa ayodini mwa iwo angachokere ku malo osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amapereka mlingo weniweni wa ayodini womwe umasiyana ndi mphamvu yomwe yanena.
Nyuzipepala ya NEJM inanena za kafukufuku womwe umayang'ana 127 wosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 96 ma multivitamin omwe akugulitsidwa masiku ano omwe akugulitsidwa ku United States. Mwa ma multivitamine, 114 (87 osatchulidwa, mankhwala 27) anali ndi ayodini. Pafupifupi theka la mavitamini omwe amawerengedwa ndi ayodini, ndi 32% ya mavitamini osakonzekera omwe alibe mankhwala amodzi, ndipo 72% ya mavitamini oyembekezera asanaphunzire analibe ayodini.
Zina mwazinthu zomwe zidaphatikizapo ayodini, 89% anali ndi 150 μg kapena zambiri za ayodini pa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ambiri amapeza ayodini awo ku kelp kapena iodide ya potassium. Ofufuzawa anafufuza mavitamini 60 omwe ali ndi mavitamini omwe ali ndi amayi omwe ali ndi mavitamini omwe amatha kubereka ndipo amapeza kuti mavitamini ali ndi ayodini ya potassium, ma ayodini anali ofanana ndi 76 peresenti ya iodide ya potassium.
Kelp sizinapereke mavitamini odalirika a mtundu wa iodine, komabe, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ndi 50% kuchokera m'magulu omwe adanena. Mankhwala khumi anali ndi ayodini amtengo wapatali osapitirira hafu ya ayodini.
Malingana ndi akatswiri, kuti agwirizane ndi malangizo ochepa a 150 μg kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akukakamizidwa ndi a American Thyroid Association, opanga ma multivitamini omwe akuyembekezera ku United States ayenera kulimbikitsidwa kuti aike ayodini - koma mu mawonekedwe ovomerezeka kwambiri a potassium - ndi kuphatikizapo 197 μg ya iodide ya potassium tsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zidzatsimikizira kuti mavitaminiwa ali ndi 150 μg ya ayodini yowonjezera tsiku lililonse.
Mu 2015, bungwe la US for Responsible Nutrition lidafuna kuti "opanga zakudya zonse zowonjezerapo zakudya ndi ogulitsa kuti ayambe kuphatikizapo 150 μg ya ayodini tsiku lililonse tsiku ndi tsiku multivitamin / mineral supplement for women and pregnant women in United States m'miyezi 12 yotsatira . "
Zotsatira:
> Leung, Angela MD et. al. "Kulembera kwa mavitamini a ma Multivitamines otha msinkhu ku United States,", New England Journal of Medicine, Voliyumu 360: 939-940, February 26, 2009, Nambala 9