Mwachidule
Dokotala wa opaleshoni ndi dokotala yemwe waphunzitsa makamaka kugwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe akufunikira njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira. Kuchita opaleshoni kumaphatikizapo kupangitsa thupi la wodwalayo kuti likhale lokonzekera komanso kukonza kapena kuchotsa mbali imodzi ya thupi, kenako kutseketsa mankhwalawa kuti athetse. Madokotala ena opaleshoni amadziwika bwino komanso amaphunzitsidwa mwachipatala, pamene opaleshoni ena opita opaleshoni, omwe amatchedwa "ochita opaleshoni ambiri" amakhala ochulukirapo koma samachita opaleshoni yapamwamba kwambiri monga opaleshoni ya ubongo kapena mtima.
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro Akufunika Kukhala Dokotala Wopaleshoni
Dokotala wa opaleshoni, monga madokotala ena, ayenera kumaliza kalasi yapamwamba, kapena digiri ya bachelor, asanapite ku sukulu ya zachipatala kukamaliza dokotala wa mankhwala (MD) kapena dokotala wa mankhwala odwala matenda odwala matenda odwala matenda a mitsempha. (DO) Kupeza ma dipatimenti apamwamba ndi a zachipatala nthawi zambiri amatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha pokhapokha wina atakhala nawo pulogalamu yamaphunziro a sukulu ya zachipatala yomwe imakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri mmalo mwa asanu ndi atatu.
Pambuyo pa sukulu, dokotala wa opaleshoni amtsogolo amapita kuntchito yogwira ntchito yomwe imakhala zaka zisanu. Pali mitundu yambiri yokhalamo monga opaleshoni yambiri, opaleshoni ya mafupa (mafupa, ziwalo, tendons), ubongo (ubongo, msana) ndi zina. Ngati dokotala akufuna kuti apitirize kugwirizanitsa ntchito inayake ya opaleshoni, dokotalayo amatha kupita ku maphunziro ena owonjezereka, otchedwa chiyanjano, momwe angaphunzire njira zina zowonjezera za thupi, kapena kuphunzira kwambiri luso la opaleshoni limene madokotala opaleshoni ambiri sapereka.
Avereji Sabata la Ntchito ndi Ntchito Yothandizira
Ochita opaleshoni amagwira ntchito masiku anayi ndi hafu kwa masiku asanu pa sabata nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo nthawi iliyonse yomwe amaitanidwira kuzidzidzidzi kapena zochitika mwamsanga. Monga ntchito zambiri zachipatala, kukhala opaleshoni ndi oposa maola makumi anai pa sabata. Ochita opaleshoni ambiri amagwira ntchito maola 50-60 pamlungu, kuphatikizapo pa nthawi yowitcha, ntchito zothandizira, ndi maudindo ena.
Kawirikawiri, madokotala ochita opaleshoni adzakhala ndi pafupi masiku atatu otsegulidwa kuti apite opaleshoni ndi masiku awiri odzipereka ku maofesi a maofesi kuti apite kukamaliza kutsogolo kapena mafunsano otsogolera.
Mlanduwu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, malinga ndi mtundu komanso zovuta zochitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo ukhoza kukhala paliponse kuyambira 150 pa chaka mpaka 500 kapena kuposa. Ambiri ndi opaleshoni pafupifupi 300-400 pachaka.
Kuwonjezera pa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa odwala, kukomana nawo, komanso kukambirana ndi madokotala ena, opaleshoni amafunikanso kuthera nthawi pazinthu zoyendetsera ntchito monga kulongosola zolemba zazomwe akulembera odwala. Komanso, pamene madokotala ena opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatala, madokotala ambiri opaleshoni ali ndi eni eni kapena awo enieni, kotero iwo ayenera kuthandizira pa kayendetsedwe ka nkhani za bizinesi.
Kukhazikitsa Kusowa Kumayenera
Monga madokotala ambiri, madokotala ayenera kudziŵa bwino masamu, sayansi, biology, anatomy ndi physiology. Kuwonjezera apo, opaleshoni amafunika kukhala oyenerera kwambiri ndi kugwirana chanza. Ochita opaleshoni ayenera kukhala omasuka kugwira ntchito popanikizidwa kwambiri, kuchita njira zowopsa kwambiri komanso kusamalira moyo kapena imfa. Kusamala kwa tsatanetsatane ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa opaleshoni, monga zolakwitsa zingakhale zakupha mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito.
Machitidwe Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni ya laparoscopic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti opaleshoni yochepa kwambiri, ndiyo imodzi mwa njira zamakono zopangira opaleshoni tsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaleshoni.
Laparoscopy ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imachepetsera chiopsezo komanso chosowa kwa wodwalayo ndi zochepa zomwe zimawoneka ndi thupi lochepa. Pa opaleshoni ya laparoscopic, chida chogwiritsira ntchito chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono chimalowetsedwa m'thupi la wodwalayo. Mapulogalamu a kamera adalimbikitsa zithunzi pawonekedwe la kanema kotero kuti dokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira opaleshoni kunja kwa thupi la wodwalayo, kuthetsa kufunika kokhala ndi zifukwa zambiri zotseguka, ndipo nthawi yowonzanso ndi yofupika.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa makina opangidwa ndi robotiki mu opaleshoni ndi njira yokula, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina odzipanga kuti iwonjezeke molondola kwa malo ovuta kwambiri kapena zovuta zoyendetsa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa roboti kukukulirakulira makamaka makamaka pakati pa machitidwe akuluakulu azaumoyo omwe angathe kugula zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri.
Malo Ogwira Ntchito
Ochita opaleshoni amathera nthawi yochuluka kapena yowonjezera ntchito yawo m'chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito (OR), kaya kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala chachipatala. Nthaŵi yopanda opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito paofesi, kumene madokotala ochita opaleshoni adzakumana ndi wodwala kuti akacheze ndi otsogolera otsogolera. Maulendowa akuphatikizapo kuyesa koyambirira kwa wodwalayo kuti aone vuto, ndikuyitanitsa zofunikira kapena mayesero oyenerera kuti athe kutsimikizira nkhaniyo komanso ndondomeko yabwino yoperekera mankhwala. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, dokotalayo akumana ndi wodwalayo kachiwiri kuti atsimikizire kuti opaleshoniyo ikuyenda bwino, akupereka mankhwala othandizira ngati akufunikira , ndikuonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo akuchira.
Mitundu ya Opaleshoni ndi Malipiro Awiri
Zotsatirazi ndi zitsanzo zochepa za madokotala ochita opaleshoni, chiwerengero cha zaka zophunzitsidwa pambuyo pa sukulu ya zachipatala, komanso kawirikawiri kupepesa kwapakati pa deta yatsopano yomwe ilipo.
- Opaleshoni Yaikulu : (5 Zaka za anthu okhalamo, palibe chiyanjano chofunikira) Kuchita opaleshoni, opaleshoni ya mimba, ndi machitidwe ena opaleshoni kuphatikizapo chiwindi, ntchentche, m'mimba, ndi mutu wina, pakhosi, opaleshoni pamtima, kupatulapo mitima. Ochita opaleshoni ambiri amatha kusankha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (opaleshoni mitsempha ndi mitsempha), opaleshoni ya thoracic, opaleshoni ya mtima (opaleshoni ya mtima), opaleshoni ya manja, opaleshoni ya ana, ndi zina. Malipiro Avereji: $ 402,409, malinga ndi MGMA Physician Compensation and Research Survey, edition la 2013 chifukwa cha chiwombolo cha 2012.
- Opaleshoni ya opaleshoni: (5 Zaka zamaphunziro opanga opaleshoni ya mafupa) Odwala opaleshoni amapanga opaleshoni ya mafupa, mafupa, matumbo, ndi minofu. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito nyamakazi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi kapena kubwezeretsa mafupa, kugwiritsira ntchito mafupa osweka, osweka, ndi zina. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, opaleshoni ya mafupa angasankhe mgwirizano mu mankhwala a masewera, opaleshoni ya manja, phazi ndi opaleshoni ya mitsempha, opaleshoni ya msana, ndi ena. Average compensation: $ 586,311 kwa madokotala ambiri opaleshoni mu 2012, zochokera 2013 MGMA Physician Malipiro ndi Kafukufuku Research.
- Maphunziro a Eurosurgeons : (5 Zaka za maphunziro a anthu odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana) Odwala matendawa amadziwika kwambiri mu opaleshoni ya ubongo komanso opaleshoni ya msana. Ndizopidwa kwambiri kwa madokotala onse opaleshoni, omwe ali ndi ndalama zomwe zingakwanitse kufika $ 800,000-1,000,000 pachaka. Malipiro a pachaka pachaka: $ 765,321 malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2013 MGMA wa 2012.
- Ochita opaleshoni a pulasitiki: (Zaka zitatu zachipatala chokhala ndi anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo maphunziro a pulasitiki apulasitiki zaka 2-3) Ochipatala apulasitiki amadziŵika bwino kwambiri ndi njira zodzikongoletsera monga kupuma, kupweteka kwa m'mawere, kukwera maso, ndi zina zambiri. Ochita opaleshoni a pulasitiki amagwiranso ntchito ndi ovutika ndi ngozi kapena kuwotcha kumanganso malo oonongeka. Chifukwa opaleshoni ambiri opanga opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi opaleshoni yokonzekera zodzoladzola, madokotala opaleshoni apulasitiki amatha kupeza madokotala ambiri kuposa madokotala ambiri omwe amachitira chifundo makampani a inshuwalansi. Madokotala ochipatala a pulasitiki amalandira malipiro onse nthawi yomweyo kuchokera kwa odwala awo, mosiyana ndi kuyembekezera kuti ma inshuwalansi ayende. Average compensation: $ 520,077