Kafukufuku amatsimikizira kuti mammography (amayi a chifuwa cha mawere) amawoneka ndi amayi 6% mpaka 17% mwa azungu, a ku Puerto Rico, ndi a ku Asia, pomwe akazi akuda akuchepa.
Phunzirolo, lotsogoleredwa ndi J. Frank Wharam, MB, MBA, ochokera ku Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, ndipo amathandizidwa ndi thandizo lochokera ku American Cancer Society, anafotokoza za mammography rates zaka zitatu kuchokera ku United States Preventive Services Task Force adalengeza kusintha kwa njira zowonetsera mammography screenings.
Gulu lofufuza kafukufuku linaphunzira kuti amayi asanu ndi asanu (5,55) aliwonse a zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 40 ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (40) aliwonse omwe analembetsa nawo ntchito ya inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo pakati pa 2005 ndi 2012.
Kufufuza kumeneku kumafalitsidwa pa intaneti mu Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwongoladzanja kunachitika m'zaka zitatu mwatsatanetsatane pampikisano wovuta mu 2009 pamene United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) inasintha ndondomeko yake yothandizira kuti azisankha zokambirana zapakati pa zaka zapakati pa 40 mpaka 49 ndikuwonetsa zaka ziwiri kwa akazi zaka 50 mpaka 74 zaka. USPSTF yakhala ikukonzekera lipoti ili, poonetsetsa kuti amayi oposa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (50) akuyenera kusankha kukambirana ndi madokotala awo. American Cancer Society ikufotokoza za chitukukochi chaposachedwapa.
Poganizira malangizowo, kumbukirani ma bungwe a USPSTF omwe akudziimira okhaokha ku US Government; osati udindo wa boma wa mabungwe a US.
Malangizo
Pambuyo pa lipoti la USPSTF, ndondomekoyi inali zaka 1 mpaka 2 kwa zaka 40 mpaka 49 zazimayi komanso chaka ndi chaka kwa amayi oposa 50. Izi ndizo nthawi yomwe anthu ambiri amafufuza za khansa ya m'mawere, chithandizo ndi othandizira othandizira omwe amawonekeratu amayi pazaka 50 zoyambirira kuti asamalire ndi khansa yapambuyo.
Azimayi ambiri anali asanayambe kufufuza za mamemografia m'ma 40s.
Mwatsoka, amayi ambiri samasowa chilimbikitso chilichonse choti asiye kupeza mammografia. Palibe amene akufuna kupeza x-ray yomwe ikhoza kusonyeza khansara. Azimayi amvapo kapena akudziwa kuchokera pa zochitika zawo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti thupi likhale lovuta komanso kuti likhale ndi nkhawa. Chimene mkazi aliyense ayenera kudziwa ndi mammogram akhoza kutenga khansara musanafike mokwanira kuti adziwone ndi dokotala mu kafukufuku wamkati.
Ubwino wa Mammograms ndi Kutulukira Kwambiri
Mu 1999 komanso kachiwiri mu 2009 mafilimu anga apachaka anasonyeza chinachake chokayikira pa khansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhalenso ma khansa a m'mawere oyambirira omwe sangawoneke amatha kumveketsa m'mayesero ovuta a mawere omwe amachitikira nthawi yanga isanakwane. Aliyense anali khansara yoyamba yopanda kufalikira pamtunda. Sindinkasowa chemotherapy kwa khansa.
Ngati simukusowa chemotherapy monga gawo la mankhwala anu, mumapewa zotsatira zina zambiri zomwe zingawonongeke. Zimakhala zovuta kuti amayi ndi abambo ambiri azigwira ntchito kapena azikhala ndi ndondomeko yogwira ntchito pakapita miyezi yomwe imawathandiza kuti athe kumaliza mankhwala awo.
Chemotherapy kawirikawiri imatulutsa tsitsi pang'ono. Chemotherapy imakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo amaika mankhwalawa pangozi yaikulu ya matenda.
Magulu opondereza khansa ya m'mimba amakhudzidwa ndi amayi omwe ali ndi zaka makumi anayi, omwe tsopano amakhulupirira kuti amatha kusiya kukhala ndi mamimba mpaka atakwanitse zaka 50. Khansara ya m'mawere imakhala yowawa kwambiri kwa atsikana achichepere, omwe sanakhalepo, mpaka pano, atatha kusamba.
Kuyambira pa lipoti la USPSTF, kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza ubwino wa mamemogram a akazi pakati pa zaka 40 mpaka 49. Phunziro lina, lolembedwa ndi Judith Malmgren, pulofesa wina wothandizira matenda odwala matenda a matenda pa matenda a matenda a Edzi ku Yunivesite ya Washington ya Public Health and Community Medicine, adanena kuti "Azimayi omwe atulukira kuti ali ndi zaka makumi anayi ali ndi zaka makumi anayi ali ndi zaka makumi anayi (40) ali ndi matenda omwe amayamba kale.
Malinga ndi lipoti la 2009, amayi 50 amangofunikira mammogram zaka ziwiri zokha. Koma, gulu lalikulu kwambiri la matenda opatsirana kumene a khansa ya m'mawere, chaka ndi chaka, amapezeka kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 55 mpaka 64.
Kuchokera mu 1969, pamene nyamakazi inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yakhala ikukwera mmwamba akukwera amayi okhwima kuti apeze mamimba a pachaka. Kwa zaka zambiri, takhala tikuwona khansa ya m'mawere yomwe idagwidwa kale kupyolera mu mammography.
Inde, pali ochepa peresenti ya khansa yowonongeka ndi zonyenga. Komabe, National Cancer Institute imati kuti kupeza mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri poyang'ana mawere ndi kuwayeza mawere, nthawi zonse, ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zowonera khansa ya m'mawere msanga. Malo ambiri a mammography ku US tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito digito mammography yomwe ili ndi umboni wotsimikizirika wopambana pokolola tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambira.
Pansi
Chimene mkazi aliyense ayenera kukumbukira posankha nthawi yoyamba kukhala ndi mamembala, ndipo nthawi zingati kuti akhale nawo, ndiko kuzindikira koyambirira ndi kuthandizira kumathandiza miyoyo; amapeza khansara mofulumira ndipo amatha kupatsa mkazi mankhwala ochiritsira othetsera khansa yotsatira.
Chitsime:
Mammography Rates Patatha zaka 3 Mndandanda wa Maphunziro a Gulu la Ogwira Ntchito Zowonongeka ku United States mu 2009. J. Frank Wharam, MB, BCh, BAO, MPH, Dipatimenti Yopereka Anthu Ambiri, Sukulu Yachipatala ya Harvard ndi Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 133 Brookline Ave, 6th Floor, Boston , MA 02114.